Specific serum and mucosal antitoxin levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in rats immunized with Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT). Immunization by means of a parenteral prime followed by peroral boosts was the only approach that aroused titers of both serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antitoxin and mucosal secretory IgA antitoxin that were increased fourfold or m...

The 'tissue paper' intestine of patients with severe kwashiorkor is well known to tropical pathologists and it is usually considered to involve all coats of the intestinal wall. However, histological study of the small gut mucosa in man has been very difficult until the advent of peroral biopsy (Shiner, 1956). This paper reports a series of 17 infants with kwashiorkor whose jejunal mucosa was s...

Fifty normal people and 50 diabetic patients were studied by means of an enzymatic method for the glucose content in the blood, tears, and urine before and after the peroral glucose load. In normal subjects the fasting glucose levels in the tears averaged 3.6 mg/100 ml (0.2 mmol/l) and in the diabetic patients it averaged 16.6 mg/100 ml (0.92 mmol/l). As in blood and urine, tear glucose levels ...

Peroral cholangioscopy has become an important tool in the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of biliary diseases, ranging from indeterminate biliary strictures to bile duct stones. Although the first cholangioscopy was performed in the 1970s, recent technological advances have provided us with cholangioscopes that yield high-resolution images, possess single-operator capability, and have ult...

Objective: To determine the role of and indications for peroral cholangioscopy using SpyGlass system in differential diagnosis biliary tract lesions case strictures, based on literature data analysis our own experience. Materials methods: Peroral is mainly used lesions. During cholangioscopy, we carefully consider gross signs damage to bile duct mucosa: abnormal capillary vascular pattern, gran...

This paper presented a case of esophageal achalasia treated by peroral endoscopic myotomy with HybridKnife and discuss the feasibility and the possible advantages of using it.