Algorithms invented in the past 25 years make it possible on a computer to efficiently factor a polynomial in one, several, or many variables with coefficients from a certain field, such as a finite field or the rational, real, or complex numbers. I have surveyed work up to 1986 in the papers (Kaltofen 1982 and 1990a). This article discusses important developments of the past five years; I also...

Spending for health care rose to $751.8 billion in 1991, an increase of 11.4 percent from the 1990 level. National health expenditures as a share of gross domestic product increased to 13.2 percent, up from 12.2 percent in 1990. The health care sector exhibited strong growth, despite slow growth in the overall economy. This combination resulted in the largest increase in the share of the Nation...

The clinico-neuroradiological syndrome posterior cortical atrophy is the cardinal ‘visual dementia’ and most common atypical Alzheimer’s disease phenotype, offering insights into mechanisms underlying clinical heterogeneity, pathological propagation and basic visual phenomena (e.g. visual crowding). Given the extensive attention paid to patients’ (higher order) perceptual function, it is surpri...

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa) has important roles in endochondral bone formation. Osteoblast precursors, endothelial cells and osteoclasts migrate from perichondrium into primary ossification centers of cartilage templates of future bones in response to Vegfa secreted by (pre)hypertrophic chondrocytes. Perichondrial osteolineage cells also produce Vegfa, but its function is not w...

Different forms of metals and metalloids have varying degrees of toxicity in biological systems. Because of this, there has been an increase in the research focused on the speciation of metals at trace levels. Plasma mass spectrometric detection of hydride species has been established as a viable technique for the determination of these species at trace levels. One problem with the determinatio...