Lamellarin D (Lam-D) is a hexacyclic pyrole alkaloid isolated from marine invertebrates, whose biologic properties have been attributed to mitochondrial targeting. Mitochondria contain their own DNA (mtDNA), and the only specific mitochondrial topoisomerase in vertebrates is mitochondrial topoisomerase I (Top1mt). Here, we show that Top1mt is a direct mitochondrial target of Lam-D. In vitro Lam...

Primary liver cancer (PLC) is an important public health problem in Viet Nam. That is, the incidence of PLC was estimated to be the second highest in males and the fifth in females in 1990 nationwide, (GLOBOCAN, 1999). PLC had the highestcancer incidence in males (ASR 25.3 per 100,000) and the fifth most common in females (ASR 5.9 per 100,000) in Ho Chi Minh City (HCM) in south Viet Nam from 19...

We show a homeomorphic equivalent relation among the compact subspaces (Cantor middle-third sets, two-sided shift map of Cantor sets and ternary sets etc.) of the real line. Using such result, we show that there exists a chaotic homeomorphism of a compact subspace of the real line onto itself if and only if it is homeomorphic to the Cantor set.

Systemic and local inflammatory processes have a key, mainly detrimental role in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Currently, little is known about endogenous counterregulatory immune mechanisms. We examined the role of the key immunomodulators CD4+CD25+ forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)+ regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg cells), after experimental brain ischemia. Depletion of Treg cells profoundly in...

We recently reported that Wuzhi tablet (WZ; Schisandra sphenanthera extract) can inhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp)–mediated efflux and CYP3Amediated metabolism of tacrolimus (FK506) and thus increase the blood concentrations of FK506. Major active lignans of WZ include schisandrin A, schisandrin B, schisandrin C, schisandrol A, schisandrol B, and schisantherin A. Whether and how these six lignans a...

This paper aims to describe different approaches for studying the overall diet with advantages and limitations. Studies of the overall diet have emerged because the relationship between dietary intake and health is very complex with all kinds of interactions. These cannot be captured well by studying single dietary components. Three main approaches to study the overall diet can be distinguished...

Membrane transporters P-glycoprotein [P-gp; multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1)], multidrug resistance–associated protein (MRP) 2, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) affect drug absorption and disposition and can also mediate drug-drug interactions leading to safety/toxicity concerns in the clinic. Challenges arise with interpreting cell-based transporter assays when substrates or inhibitors...

A fundamental aspect of human intelligence is the ability to represent and reason relations. Examples of relational thinking include our ability to appreciate analogies between diVerent objects or events (Gentner, 1983; Holyoak & Thagard, 1995); our ability to apply abstract rules in novel situations (e.g., Smith, Langston, & Nisbett, 1992); our ability to understand and learn language (e.g., K...

Many amyloid inhibitors resemble molecules that form chemical aggregates, which are known to inhibit many proteins. Eight known chemical aggregators inhibited amyloid formation of the yeast and mouse prion proteins Sup35 and recMoPrP in a manner characteristic of colloidal inhibition. Similarly, three known anti-amyloid molecules inhibited b-lactamase in a detergent-dependent manner, which sugg...