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It is textbook knowledge that the small multicopy mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) is maternally inherited in humans and mammals [1,2]. The uniparental mtDNA inheritance applies to most eukaryotic organisms, including animals exhibiting the doubly uniparental inheritance, such as the bivalve mollusks [3,4]. Occurrence of paternal mtDNA transmission has also been documented [5–7], and doubts on stri...

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Genetic variation among the individuals is considered as an important tool for conservation of livestock animals. This study was conducted to analyze the genetic variation, phylogenetic relationship and paternal lineages among Iranian dog populations using seventeen autosomal and Y chromosome-specific microsatellite markers. Total DNAs of the samples were extracted and applied for genotype anal...

Adult female cercopithecines have long been known to bias their social behaviour towards close maternal kin. However, much less is understood about the behaviour of paternal kin, especially in wild populations. Here, we show that wild adult female baboons bias their affiliative behaviour towards their adult paternal half-sisters in the same manner and to the same extent that they bias their beh...

Patterns of within-group relatedness are expected to affect the prospects for cooperation among group members through kin selection. It has long been established that dispersal patterns determine the availability of kin and there is ample evidence of matrilineal kin biases in social behavior across primate species. However, in 1979, Jeanne Altmann(1) suggested that mating patterns also influenc...

Records of individual feed intake (FI) and BW gain (GN) were obtained from the Germ Plasm Evaluation (GPE) program at US Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). Animals were randomly assigned to pens. Only pens with 6 to 9 steers (n = 289) were used for this study (data set 1). Variance components and genetic parameters were estimated using data set 1. Estimated genetic values (EGV) for FI were c...

Children of older fathers carry an increased risk for developing autism and other disorders. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the correlation of sperm DNA methylation with paternal age and its impact on the epigenome of the offspring. Methylation levels of nine candidate genes and LINE-1 repeats were quantified by bisulfite pyrosequencing in sperm DNA of 162 donors and 19...