This community-randomized controlled trial was initiated to assess the overall and herd effects of 2 different human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization strategies in over 80,000 girls and boys aged 12-15 y in 33 communities in Finland (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00534638). Overall, 14,838 adolescents received HPV-16/18 vaccine (2,440 boys and 12,398 girls) and 17,338 received hepatitis-B virus (HBV) ...

PURPOSE The study's purpose was to describe longitudinal patterns of objectively measured sedentary behavior from age 12 to 16. METHODS Children participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children wore accelerometers for 1 wk at ages 12, 14, and 16. Participants included boys (n = 2591) and girls (n = 2845) living in a single geographic location in the United Kingdom (Bristol...

This article examines the previously unexplored current of Freethinking feminism in the second half of the nineteenth century. Active in the women's movement of this period, Freethinking feminists were nonetheless viewed as a liability—an attitude that contributed to their exclusion from much of the subsequent historiography. Such marginalisation was due not only to their vocal opposition to al...

Our aim was to examine the potential incremental impact of vaccinating boys against human papillomavirus (HPV) on vaccine-type infection in females and males, using an individual-based HPV transmission-dynamic model. Under base assumptions (vaccine efficacy = 99%, duration of protection = 20 years, coverage = 70%), vaccinating 12-year-old boys, in addition to girls, resulted in an incremental r...

A within-scale meta-analysis was performed on 310 samples of children (ages 8-16; N = 61,424) responding to the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Girls' depression scores stayed steady from ages 8 to 11 and then increased between ages 12 and 16. Boys' CDI scores were stable from ages 8 to 16 except for a high CDI score at age 12. Girls' scores were slightly lower than boys' during childhoo...

BACKGROUND It is difficult to predict the reproductive capacity of children given hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) before pubertal age because the plasma concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are not informative and no spermogram can be done. METHODS We classified the gonadal function of 38 boys and 34 girls given HCT during childhood who ha...

BACKGROUND About twice as many boys than girls are treated with GH. Ascertainment bias is a possible explanation. HYPOTHESES For ascertainment bias, the gender least frequently treated should be relatively shorter, and in an unbiased population sample, equal numbers of boys and girls should be eligible for GH treatment. SUBJECTS AND SETTING In 2007 a total of 1485 Australian children receiv...

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children living in the Netherlands and compare the findings with the Third and Fourth National Growth Studies carried out in 1980 and 1997, respectively. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were obtained from the child health care system. International cut-off points for body mass index (BMI) were used to determine overweight and obesity. Ca...

BACKGROUND Fatness and fitness both influence cardiometabolic risk. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether childhood fatness and increasing fatness from childhood to adolescence are associated with cardiometabolic risk during adolescence and how fitness affects this association. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Of 565 adolescents (283 boys and 282 girls) from the TRacking Adoles...