The structure of a protein depends critically on the complex interactions among its amino acid residues. It has long been hypothesized that interacting residues might tend to coevolve, but it is not known whether such coevolution is a general phenomenon across the proteome. Here, we describe a novel methodology called phylogeny-aided structural analysis, which uncovers robust signals of interac...

Tryptophan metabolites have been linked in observational studies with type 2 diabetes, cognitive disorders, inflammation and immune system regulation. A rate-limiting enzyme in tryptophan conversion is arylformamidase (Afmid), and a double knockout of this gene and thymidine kinase (Tk) has been reported to cause renal failure and abnormal immune system regulation. In order to further investiga...

(3/2) log 3 [725]. (α) [1112]. (A ∨ B)⇒ C [1135]. (q) [1377]. ∗ [36]. + [668, 1193]. 0 [890, 104, 762, 161, 336, 432, 1166]. 1 [882, 133, 162, 762, 1166]. 101 [1252]. 180 [1039]. 2 [1068, 1281, 172, 267, 1181, 585, 1002, 1367]. 2.5 [168]. 2λ [530]. 3 [51, 731, 1346, 824, 784]. 4 [551]. = [17]. 0 [1223]. A∗ [1182]. α [1371, 599]. Bn [550]. β [1138]. β = λ [283]. cβ [831]. D [1328, 1356]. ∆ [606]...

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling plays many roles in skull morphogenesis. We have previously reported that enhanced BMP signaling through the BMP type IA receptor (BMPR1A) in cranial neural crest cells causes craniosynostosis during postnatal development. Additionally, we observed that 55% of Bmpr1a mutant mice show neonatal lethality characterized by a distended gastrointestinal trac...

Goal of the study – development and implementation provisions for further updating improvement components mechanism application Technical Regulations on type-approval agricultural or forestry tractors, their trailers interchangeable towed machinery, together with systems, separate technical units, approved by Resolution Cabinet Ministers Ukraine dated 28.12.2011 № 1367 (hereinafter Regulation 1...

It is known that epidermal cells have experienced assault can induce more effective wound healing responses to any subsequent injuries as in innate immune cells. Herein we show wounds a robust effect on distinct stem than previously thought. Of particular relevance, the first activated cell adaptation program only specific lineage. We discovered population lineage produced memory progenitors re...