Volunteer 247 football referees in the Turkish Professional Football Leagues were included this study which aims to evaluate effect of blood groups and nutritional habits different classifications’ on success management. After demographic information (age, height, weight, education level (based their statements)) taken, total refereeing times, classifications duration classifications, obtained ...

BACKGROUND Precompetition screening was implemented for male referees during the 2010 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Word Cup. In contrast, female football referees have been neglected in this respect although they experience similar physical work loads compared to male referees. METHODS The standardised football-specific pre-competition medical assessment (PCMA) was...

According to recent studies, approximately a third of elite football players have visible tattoos on the field.1-4 The question whether would reflect dominance, extroversion, aggressiveness and willingness take risks thereby translate into notable behaviour patterns field success is debated.1-5 Tattoos might be associated with individual performance or discipline,3, 4 but impact overall team ou...

Qualitative Analysis of the Pathology Human Capital in Professional Football Iran Case Study: Referees Iranian Premier League

We compared the notational activity of 68 referees and 170 referee's assistants or linesmen officiating European matches from UEFA and the Champions League together with matches from the English Premiership and the English Championship competitions during the 2005/2006 football season using a computerised video system. We studied 328 games (14 European matches, UEFA and Champions league, 202 ma...

There is a paucity of dietary data in football referees. In this study, 23 elite main and assistant referees (34.4 ± 5.6 years) completed a 7-day dietary record during the competitive season. No nutritional intake differences were observed between main and assistant referees. Referees' mean daily energy intake (DEI) was 2819 ± 279 kcal. The intake of proteins (1.7 ± 0.2 g · kg(-1)), carbohydrat...

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of positioning on the correctness of decision making of top-class referees and assistant referees during international games. Match analyses were carried out during the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Confederations Cup 2009 and 380 foul play incidents and 165 offside situations were examined. The error percentage for the ...

This study aims to examine the relationship between referees' coping strategies for stress and their levels of psychological resilience. The sample group consisted 212 football referees officiating in leagues Turkey 2022. data collection tools used this were Demographic Information Form, Brief Resilience Scale, Coping Response Inventory. Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlatio...

The aims of this study were, first, to analyse the differences between referees and assistant referees in 20and 30-metre straight line sprinting test performance and in the maximum speeds registered in football matches; and, second, to analyse the differences between the maximum speeds registered in matches and in the straight line sprinting test. Twenty referees from the Spanish Third Football...