When depth of flow past a river bridge exceeds opening under the bridge, the flow under the bridge becomes pressurized. The water is directed downward and under the bridge deck, causing increase in velocity and shear stress on the bed thereby increasing bed scour. This is termed as Pressure Flow Scour. The present study investigates the phenomenon of pressure flow scour resulting from a submerg...

In the title compound, [Cu(3)(CN)(3)(C(12)H(12)N(2))(2)], two 2,2'-bipyridine N,N'-chelated Cu(I) atoms are linked by a cyanide bridge that lies about a center of inversion; the Cu(I) atom exists in a tetra-hedral coordination geometry. This dinuclear entity is linked to another Cu(I) atom that lies on a twofold rotation axis by another cyanide bridge, these bridges giving rise to the formation...

three unconventional details for plastic hinges of bridge columns subjected to seismic loads were developed, designed, and implemented in a large-scale, four-span reinforced concrete bridge. shape memory alloys (sma), special engineered cementitious composites (ecc), elastomeric pads embedded into columns, and post-tensioning were used in three different piers. the bridge model was subjected to...

general kind of encroachment of river is constructing a bridge on it. purpose of encroachment of river is occupation part of river and flood plain for constructing bridge. often being economical of bridge innovation affirmated that most of encroachment take place to river and flood plain, which this encroachment can be in form of embankment in flood plain of river or into the main bed of river ...

The southeastern Caspian region was an important migration route that connected ancient cultures between the Middle East and Central Asia. Currently, only stratified sites known in are Dam-Dam-Cheshme 1, 2, Djebel Bolshoi Balkhan Region; Kuba-Sengir Kaylu on Krasnovodsk Peninsula. In this article we review archaeological materials from sites, which include prismatic pressure bladelet industries...

The Millennium Footbridge was opened to the public on June 10, 2000 – the first new bridge across the River Thames in historic London in more than a century. Nearly 100,000 people used the new bridge in its first day of operation. On June 12, 2000, the Millennium Bridge was ordered closed, due to hazardous deck motions. Seemingly random pedestrian footfalls were causing resonance of the bridge ...

this paper presents a new bridge management system (j-bms). it is integrated with a concrete bridge rating expert system that can be used to evaluate the serviceability of existing concrete bridges. the proposed j-bms not only evaluates the performance of bridges, but also offers a rehabilitation strategy based on a combination of maintenance cost minimization and quality maximization. in this ...

the national bridge stock of iran consists of about 330,000 bridges, of which around 50% are older than 30 years. since 2010, iran road maintenance & transportation organization has started implementing a comprehensive bridge management system in order to manage this aged stock efficiently. to predict future conditions of bridge stock, a heuristic numerical method is presented. this methodology...

Cross-bridge properties and myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition were investigated in isolated diaphragm from 6-mo-old control ( n = 12) and mdx( n = 12) mice. Compared with control, peak tetanic tension fell by 50% in mdx mice ( P < 0.001). The total number of cross bridges per square millimeter (×109), the elementary force per cross bridge, and the peak mechanical efficiency were lower in mdx...