A major challenge in combating the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic is the development of vaccines capable of inducing potent, persistent cellular immunity and broadly reactive neutralizing antibody responses to HIV type 1 (HIV-1). We report here the results of a preclinical trial using the chimpanzee model to investigate a combination vaccine strategy involving sequential priming im...

Jiangsu is one province with severe HIV-1 epidemic in China. However, the molecular epidemiological characterizations of HIV-1 in many cities of Jiangsu remain unclear. A molecular epidemiological investigation was performed based on 38 HIV-positive samples collected from Suzhou and Suqian during 2011-2013. Five HIV-1 genomic fragments, p17, pol, vif-vpr, vpr-env, and C2V3 were amplified and se...

Parasexual recombination is thought to be one of the causes of variation in the pathogenicity of rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, which breaks down resistant rice varieties. In this study, the virulence and fitness of parasexual recombinants of M. oryzae were examined in vitro and in the field. According to the results of the genetic analysis of the pathogenicity of parasexual recombinant...

A number of HIV-1 subtypes are identified in Pakistan by characterization of partial viral gene sequences. Little is known whether new recombinants are generated and how they disseminate since whole genome sequences for these viruses have not been characterized. Near full-length genome (NFLG) sequences were obtained by amplifying two overlapping half genomes or next generation sequencing from 3...

To identify new subtype G human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains and AG recombinant forms, we collected 28 serum samples from immigrants to the Netherlands from 12 countries throughout Africa. Based on the gag sequences 22 isolates were identified as subtype A or G. Phylogenetic analysis of discontinuous regions of the gag (726 nt), pol (1176 nt) and env (276 nt) genes revealed 13 ...

A recombination map of the genome of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) was assembled using data from 19 complete genomic sequences, previously reported, and a composite sample of three regions of the genome, one-third in total, of a representative Asia-wide collection of 70 isolates. Thus, a total of 89 isolates of worldwide origin was analysed for recombinants. Eighteen recombination sites were found...

Interstrain recombinants were observed in the progenies of the Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) reassortant L(1)L(2)F(3) containing RNAs 1 and 2 from LS-CMV and RNA 3 from Fny-CMV. We characterized these recombinants, and we found that their fixation was controlled by the nature of the replicating RNAs 1 and 2. We demonstrate that the 2b gene partially affects this fixation process, but only in the ...

To investigate the possibility that mesenchyme can alter the neoplastic properties of an established carcinoma, small (0.5-mm cubes) pieces of the Dunning prostatic adenocarcinoma (DT) were grown in association with seminal vesicle mesenchyme (SVM) for 1 mo. Differentiated DT epithelial cells harvested from the resultant tissue recombinants (rSVM+DT) were recombined with fresh SVM to generate 2...