results urban patients were more likely to receive supplementary information and being strongly encouraged by their nephrologists to seek transplant. all participants acknowledged “independence” as the main advantage of transplantation. increased freedom to travel and improved life expectancy were mentioned only among the urban groups. the main themes in all groups regarding perceived barriers ...

background : one of the major health policy issues, in the both developed and developing countries, is the equality in the distribution of health resources. the aim of this study was to investigate the disparity in the distribution of health physical resources across the provinces of iran in 2001 and 2011. methods : this was a cross-sectional retrospective study which investigated inequality in...

In the context of motion detection, the endings (or terminators) of 1-D features can be detected as 2-D features, affecting the perceived direction of motion of the 1-D features (the barber-pole illusion) and the direction of tracking eye movements. In the realm of binocular disparity processing, an equivalent role for the disparity of terminators has not been established. Here we explore the s...

The role of disparity-perspective cue conflict in depth contrast was examined. A central square and a surrounding frame were observed in a stereoscope. Five conditions were compared: (1) only disparity was introduced into either the centre or surround stimulus, (2) only perspective was introduced into the centre or surround, (3) concordant perspective and disparity were introduced into the cent...

Many neurons in the lateral-ventral region of the medial superior temporal area (MSTl) have a clear center surround separation in their receptive fields. Either moving or stationary stimuli in the surround modulates the response to moving stimuli in the center, and this modulation could facilitate the perceptual segmentation of a moving object from its background. Another mechanism that could f...

the reduction in regional differences to stop the movement and displacement of human forces and capital in the direction of preparing the ground for development is very effective. development means boosting human potentials for the improved utilization of his environment. rational utilization depends on economical, social and cultural particulars. therefore any kind of condition that is effecti...

purpose: to determine stereopsis with local (titmus) and global (tno) tests in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects according to induced disparity (crossed or uncrossed). methods: in this cross sectional study, 80 students of zahedan university of medical sciences who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were randomly selected. at first, refractive error was determined by retinoscopy and then base...

To understand the role that orientation-tuned disparity-sensitive mechanisms play in the perception of stereoscopic depth, we measured stereothresholds using two sets of random-dot stimuli that produce identical stimulation of disparity mechanisms tuned to vertical orientation but dissimilar stimulation of disparity mechanisms tuned to non-vertical orientations. Either 1 or 1.5D of astigmatic b...

Several studies (Vision Research 15 (1975) 583; Perception 9 (1980) 671) have shown that binocular fusion is limited by the disparity gradient (disparity/distance) separating image points, rather than by their absolute disparity values. Points separated by a gradient >1 appear diplopic. These results are sometimes interpreted as a constraint on human stereo matching, rather than a constraint on...