Background: Both medical and surgical abortions are popular in developing countries. However, the monetary costs of these two methods have not been compared. Methods: 430 women seeking abortions were recruited in 2008. Either a medical or surgical method was used for the abortion. We adopted the perspective of a third-party payer. Cost-minimization analysis was used based on all charges for the...

Background: Both medical and surgical abortions are popular in developing countries. However, the monetary costs of these two methods have not been compared. Methods: 430 women seeking abortions were recruited in 2008. Either a medical or surgical method was used for the abortion. We adopted the perspective of a third-party payer. Cost-minimization analysis was used based on all charges for the...

Background: Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging new modality for laparoscopic skills training; however, most simulators lack realistic haptic feedback. Augmented reality (AR) is a new laparoscopic simulation system offering a combination of physical objects and VR simulation. Laparoscopic instruments are used within an hybrid mannequin on tissue or objects while using video tracking. This study...

In Xenopus laevis development, b -catenin plays an important role in the Wnt-signaling pathway by establishing the Nieuwkoop center, which in turn leads to specification of the dorsoventral axis. Cadherins are essential for embryonic morphogenesis since they mediate calcium-dependent cell–cell adhesion and can modulate b -catenin signaling. a -catenin links b -catenin to the actin-based cytoske...

the Agrin Hypothesis and providing important new infor-Neuroscience Program mation on reciprocal signaling mechanisms that regu-Department of Physiology and late synaptic differentiation (illustrated in Figure 1). Gau-Howard Hughes Medical Institute tam et al. (1996) describe the phenotype of a mouse in University of California, San Francisco which the differentially spliced exons required for ...

the Agrin Hypothesis and providing important new infor-Neuroscience Program mation on reciprocal signaling mechanisms that regu-Department of Physiology and late synaptic differentiation (illustrated in Figure 1). Gau-Howard Hughes Medical Institute tam et al. (1996) describe the phenotype of a mouse in University of California, San Francisco which the differentially spliced exons required for ...

Members of the integrin family of cell surface receptors have been shown to mediate a diverse range of cellular functions that require cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix interactions. We have initiated the characterization of integrin receptors from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, an organism in which genetics can be used to study integrin function with single cell resolution. Here we ...