We review the literature on national innovation systems. We first focus on the emergence of the concept of innovation systems, reviewing its historical origins and three main flavours (associated to three “founding fathers” of the concept). After this, we discuss how the notion of innovation systems filled a need for providing a broader basis for innovation policy. We conclude with some perspec...

1 Department of Mathematics, University College of Engineering Nagercoil, Anna University of Technology Tirunelveli (Nagercoil Campus), Nagercoil 629 004, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Mathematics, R.V.S College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641 402, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Department of Mathematics, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641 062, Tamil Nadu...

a Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136 119, Haryana, India b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajendra Institute of Technology & Sciences, Sirsa 125 055, Haryana, India c Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110 062, India d Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136 11...

Akiko YOKOTA, Kouhei TSUMOTO, Mitsunori SHIROISHI, Takeshi NAKANISHI, Hidemasa KONDO and Izumi KUMAGAI* 1 Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 6-6-11, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan 2 Research Institute of Genome-based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, ...

Akiko YOKOTA, Kouhei TSUMOTO, Mitsunori SHIROISHI, Takeshi NAKANISHI, Hidemasa KONDO and Izumi KUMAGAI* 1 Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 6-6-11, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan 2 Research Institute of Genome-based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, ...