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according to coates’s (2004, as cited in zhang, 2010) definition of "conversational dominance" (p.111), it refers to the phenomenon of a speaker dominating others in interaction. specifically, it means how a speaker makes use of certain strategies to get the floor and maintain the floor. thus, the amount of talk is the main measurement for the dominance of the conversation. whether a speaker do...
Background and Aims: Application of fluoride products is known as one of the most successful interventions to prevent dental caries. This study aimed to compare the costs of in-office fluoride therapy versus salt fluoridation in Iranian population. Materials and Methods: In this study, the costs relating to the use of in-office fluoride therapy were analyzed using Activity Based Costing dur...
background despite significant advances in the treatment of chronic hepatitis c in the past decades, factors which can affect response rates to combination therapy; peginterferon and ribavirin, are still under study and reaching sustained virological response (svr) is affected by several different factors. objectives to investigate predictor factors contributing to svr in iranian patients. pati...
Objective: The substantial level of out-of-pocket expenditure for health care by the population causes policy makers to draw particular attention to the proposal of a social health insurance for uninsured members of the community. Hence, it is essential to gather reliable information about the amount of Willingness To Pay (WTP) for health insurance. We assessed the WTP for health insurance in I...
We evaluated recreational and socioeconomic values of Masouleh forest park, north of Iran. Travel Cost Method (TCM) or Clawson method was used for evaluation. Therefore, 96 questionnaires were distributed among the visitors. The results indicated that the variables such as travel time to the park, travel costs, age and education were effective variables in using the park. The results show that ...
background and purpose :cost-benefit equations is one of the most important by of gnp and a training a sustainable development as designated by professionals of occupational health .therefore ‚ drivers as a forgotten index in sustainable development and its effect on community health. methods & material : this descriptive analytical study involved the statistical community of 55000 vehicles in ...
BACKGROUND Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) as a result of road traffic crashes (RTCs) rank as the leading cause of death, disability and property loss worldwide, especially in low and middle-income countries. This study aims to analyze the costs of RTCs in Iran. METHODS A standard human capital approach was used to estimate the costs. Costs included medical, administrative and funeral costs, pro...
In this paper, a method for establishing a support criterion or poverty line is developed based on Engel’s Law and domestic nutritional values. The support criterion is differentiated across rural and urban areas. An important result is that for 1989, people who spend less than 108,000 Rials annually lie inside the poverty line in urban areas. A further important result is that food should be g...
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