Language has been shown to influence non-linguistic cognitive operations such as colour perception, object categorization and motion event perception. Here, we show that language also modulates higher level processing, such as semantic knowledge. Using event-related brain potentials, we show that highly fluent Welsh–English bilinguals require significantly less processing effort when reading se...

Thirty-three Collies (14 male and 19 female) were used in a doseescalation study to determine the impact of ABCB1 genotype on loperamide pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). Loperamide was orally administered in four ascending doses (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 mg/kg) over a 4-wk period to fasted Collies. Comparisons were made within each dose to genotype, phenotype, and whether Collies...

Bacterial overgrowth in the small bowel is known to occur in patients with persistent diarrhea, but it has been unclear if colonization alone causes fluid secretion. We studied isogenic, nontoxigenic Escherichia coli strains with colonizing factor antigen II (CFA/II) (1392+) and without CFA/II (1392-) in 18-h rabbit ileal loops. Neither strain produced fluid, but quantitative cultures of rabbit...

Abstract Background Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are an emerging global problem that increases in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and cost. We performed a 6-year retrospective study to provide valuable insight into appropriate antibiotic use in HAI cases. also aimed understand how hospitals could reduce pathogen drug resistance population overuses antibiotics. Methods All data (2012–...

The sequential interactions between T lymphocyte subsets have been well characterized in several systems of antigen-specific immune suppression (1-2). The immune response to the hapten 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl (NP) a has become one of the most extensively characterized of these model systems (3-6). Previous studies from our laboratory have revealed that in this suppressor network system, ...

Interleukin 2 (IL-2), 1 also known as T cell growth factor, discovered by Morgan et al. (1), is a lymphokine produced by normal peripheral blood lymphocytes after antigen or mitogen stimulation (2, 3) and is required for the proliferation and function of T cells (2, 3), natural killer cells (4-6), and cytotoxic effector cells in vitro and in vivo (7-9). In addition, IL-2 is able to induce or en...

تحلیل طیف در مورد بررسی آثار فرهنگی به جا مانده از گذشته، بسامد و پسماند وقایع تاریخی است که وسیله ی آن آفرینش ذهنیت های جدید صورت می گیرد. همانند گفتمان میشل فوکو باعث تجسم عینیت بخشی گذشته گردد با فردی اجتماعی حاصل شود. ژان فرانسوا لیوتار نیز مطرح نمودن شرایط پسانوگرا بر این موضوع صحه گذارد. بسامد، دامنه ، تلفیق اعوجاج اختلال موارد مهم هستند. رمان وی (1963) اعلام قطعه 49 (1966) اثر تامس پینچن...

In Shigella boydii 0-1392, genes encoding the synthesis and transport of the hydroxamate siderophore aerobactin are located within a 21-kb iron transport island between lysU and the pheU tRNA gene. DNA sequence analysis of the S. boydii 0-1392 island, designated SHI-3 for Shigella island 3, revealed a conserved aerobactin operon associated with a P4 prophage-like integrase gene and numerous ins...

Objective: Microbial catalysis is used in the commercial production of many bioactive steroids. Solid phase microbial fermentation of anabolic steroid, dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 1), was carried out with ascomycete fungal strain Fusarium oxysporum (NRRL-1392). Methods: Sabouraud-4% glucose-agar was used to cultivate the fungal cultures as solid phase medium. Substrate 1 was incubated with Fusari...