Genes encoding proteins that carry out essential informational tasks in the cell, in particular where multiple interaction partners are involved, are less likely to be transferable to a foreign organism. Here, we investigated the constraints on transfer of a gene encoding a highly conserved informational protein, translation elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), by systematically replacing the endogeno...

Seventy phytoplasma isolates, including 10 previously characterized reference strains, of the aster yellows group were examined by RFLP analysis of PCR-amplified rDNA and RFLP and sequence analysis of the tuf gene. On the basis of rDNA restriction profiles, seven previously proposed 16S rDNA subgroups (16SrI-A, -B, -C, -D, -E, -F and -K) were recognized in the material examined. In addition, th...

We characterize a DNA segment of the Euglena gracills chloroplast DNA fragment Eco-N by nucleotlde sequencing and SI nuclease analysis. We show that this region, which is upstream of the previously sequenced tuf A gene, contains the genes for the ribosomal proteins S12 and S7. The gene arrangment is 5'-rps 12-80 bp spacer-rps 7-174 bp 3pacer-tuf A, somewhat similar to the str operon of E. coll....

Based on the need for distributed end-to-end quality management for next-generation mobile Internet services, this paper presents a ready-to-deploy quality assessment concept for the impact of the network on the performance of mobile services. We consider the Throughput Utility Function (TUF) as a special case of the Network Utility Function (NUF). These functions combine the observed network u...

We present a uni-processor real-time scheduling algorithm called Resource-contrainted Utility Accrual algorithm (or RUA). RUA considers an application model, where activities can be subject to arbitrarily-shaped time/utility function (TUF) time constraints and resource constraints including mutual exclusion under a multi-unit resource request model. For such a model, we consider the scheduling ...

Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) are decentralized environments comprised of mobile computing devices that interact among each other via multi-hop wireless links. MANET nodes forward packets on behalf of other nodes in the network. Such routing decisions are made autonomously by individual nodes. MANET characteristics make them highly vulnerable to a myriad of physical and cyber attacks. Cryptog...

We propose a secure routing architecture for Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) called ThroughpUt-Feedback (TUF) routing, which is resilient against a wide range of routing disruption Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks. Unlike many existing solutions, TUF does not focus on a particular type of attack, but instead takes an approach that is fundamentally more general. TUF is a cross-layer technique tha...

The analytical performance of 9 different PCR primer sets designed to detect Escherichia coli and Shigella in water has been evaluated in terms of ubiquity, specificity, and analytical detection limit. Of the 9 PCR primer sets tested, only 3 of the 5 primer sets targeting uidA gene and the primer set targeting tuf gene amplified DNA from all E. coli strains tested. However, of those 4 primer se...

An exceptional disposition of the elongation factor genes is observed in Rickettsia prowazekii, in which there is only one tuf gene, which is distant from the lone fus gene. In contrast, the closely related bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens has the normal bacterial arrangement of two tuf genes, of which one is tightly linked to the fus gene. Analysis of the flanking sequences of the single tu...

Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen, causing a variety of opportunistic infections of the skin, soft tissues and wounds, urinary tract infections, secondary meningitis, pneumonia and bacteremia. Over 63% of A. baumannii infections occurring in the United States are caused by multidrug resistant isolates, and pan-resistant isolates have begun to emerge that are resistant ...