Endocrine therapy with an estrogen receptor (ER)-targeted antiestrogen, such as tamoxifen, or estrogen ablation by aromatase inhibitors is clinically indicated for the management of all forms of ER-positive breast cancer. However, 30–50% of ER-positive breast cancer cases fail to benefit clinically from endocrine therapy alone, and recent molecular evidence suggests that ‘crosstalk’ pathways or...

Background. Vessel injury results in an inflammatory response characterized by the elaboration of cytokines and growth factors, which ultimately influence vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth and contribute to atherogenesis. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NFkB) is a central transcription factor important in mediating stress and inflammatory-induced signals. We hypothesized that strategies aimed a...

The magnitude, duration and oscillation of cellular signalling pathway responses are often limited by negative feedback loops, defined as an ‘activator-induced inhibitor’ regulatory motif. Within the NFkB signalling pathway, a key negative feedback regulator is IkBa. We show here that, contrary to current understanding, NFkB-inducible expression is not sufficient for providing effective negativ...

BACKGROUND A number of constitutively activated signaling pathways play critical roles in the survival and growth of primary effusion lymphoma cells (PELs) including NFkB and PI3/AKT kinase cascades. NFkBis constitutively activated in a number of malignancies, including multiple myeloma, Burkitt's lymphoma and diffuse large cell B-cell lymphoma. However, its role in primary effusion lymphoma ha...

T cells represent an important component in the development of an effective antitumor immune response. Although most solid tumors are infiltrated with T lymphocytes, including some clones capable of preferentially recognizing malignant cells, T-cell immunity fails to develop adequately in patients with tumors (1–4). Defects in proliferation and effector functions have been noted in peripheral b...

Objective: Physical exercise has different effects on oxidative stress. Oxidative stress influences TLR4 and NFkB gene expression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training and vitamin D on gene expression of TLR4 and NFkB in lung tissue of obese rats exposed to oxygenated water. Materials and Methods: In an experimental study, 30 obese male wistar rats were r...

Assist.Prof. Ali Ibrahim Ali Email: [email protected] alazziibrahim @gmail.com Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) characterized by chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa with loss of gastric glandular cells and replacement by intestinal-type epithelium and fibrous tissue. CAG may be associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. This study was designed to determine the role of NFkB signal...

NFκB is a transcription factor regulating many function of the vessel wall. In the normal condition , NFκB is revealed diffuse cytoplasmic expressionsuggesting that the system is inactive. The presence of activation NFκB provide a potential pathway for the rapid transcriptional of a variety of genes encoding cytokines, growth factors, adhesion molecules and procoagulatory factors. It is likely ...

Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by the expansion of N-terminal polymorphic poly Q stretch of the protein huntingtin (HTT). Deregulated microRNAs and loss of function of transcription factors recruited to mutant HTT aggregates could cause characteristic transcriptional deregulation associated with HD. We observed earlier that expressions of miR-125b, miR-146a and miR-150 are decreased in STH...