Fifty years after the discovery of the mouse Mx1 gene, researchers are still trying to understand the molecular details of the antiviral mechanisms mediated by Mx proteins. Mx proteins are evolutionarily conserved dynamin-like large GTPases, and GTPase activity is required for their antiviral activity. The expression of Mx genes is controlled by type I and type III interferons. A phylogenetic a...

BACKGROUND Chicken Mx belongs to the Mx family of interferon-induced dynamin-like GTPases, which in some species possess potent antiviral properties. Conflicting data exist for the antiviral capability of chicken Mx. Reports of anti-influenza activity of alleles encoding an Asn631 polymorphism have not been supported by subsequent studies. The normal cytoplasmic localisation of chicken Mx may i...

BACKGROUND In previous studies, the Mx Gene has been demonstrated to confer positive anti viral responses in chicken. The amino acid variation of Asn (allele A) at position 631 was specific to positive antiviral Mx/resistant, while, that of Ser (allele G) was specific to negative Mx/susceptible. This research was aimed at selecting one of the native chicken breeds which was found out to be resi...

Over-expression of grouper Mx negatively regulated nodavirus activity through direct interaction, likely via the binding and perturbation of the intracellular localization of nodavirus coat protein. Deletion analysis of grouper Mx indicated that the coat protein binds to the effector domain of Mx. The presence of grouper Mx in a poly [I:C] interferon system inhibited nodavirus infection, demons...

The multidrug resistance (MDR) modulators amiodarone (AM), cyclosporin A (CsA), and PSC 833 were tested for their potential to modulate cytotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX), vincristine (VCR), and mitoxantrone (MX) in a sensitive human small cell lung carcinoma cell line GLC4, in its DOX-resistant non-P-glycoprotein subline GLC4-Adr, and in its cisplatin-resistant subline GLC4-CDDP. GLC4-Adr, in w...

The overexpression of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), a key regulator of protein synthesis, is involved in the malignant progression of various human cancers. We investigated eIF4E expression in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and adenocarcinomas of the human peripheral lung. On the basis of the WHO criteria with minor modifications, adenocarcinomas were classified as bronchiolo...

Musk xylene (2,4,6-trinitro-1-t-butylxylene; MX) is a synthetic nitromusk perfume ingredient that induces and inhibits mouse cytochrome P4502B (CYP2B) enzymes in vivo. The purpose of the present work was to determine whether amine metabolites of MX contributed to the enzyme inhibition and, if so, to define the nature and kinetics of this inhibition. When dosed orally to phenobarbital (PB)-treat...

The efficacy of interferon in antiviral protection of newborn mice differing at the Mx locus was investigated. Adult mice bearing the allele Mx exhibit a high degree of specific resistance toward lethal challenge with influenza viruses. In contrast, newborn Mx carriers are virtually as susceptible to influenza viruses as newborn mice devoid of Mx. Resistance can be abrogated by treating adult a...