The etiology of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is unknown. There are many insights, however, from epidemiologic/demographic information. A systematic medical literature review regarding DDH was performed. There is a predominance of left-sided (64.0%) and unilateral disease (63.4%). The incidence per 1000 live births ranges from 0.06 in Africans in Africa to 76.1 in Native Americans. T...

Delayed presentation of Developmental Dysplasia of Hip (DDH) comes with challenges in treatment as well as high surgical cost. Therefore the objective of this study is to quantify the economic impact of management of late presentation of DDH during a last 3-year period. We conducted a retrospective study with analysis of DDH cases managed between years 2012 to 2014. Early and late presentations...

Background: Although the developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is well known to pediatric orthopedists, its etiology has still remained unknown and despite dedication of a vast majority of research, the results are still inadequate and confusing. The exact incidence of DDH and its relationship with known risk factors in Iran is still unknown. Here we represent the results of one year study o...

It is known that there exists a reduction from the CCA1security of Damg̊ard’s Elgamal (DEG) cryptosystem to what we call the ddh assumption. We show that ddh is unnecessary for DEGCCA1, while DDH is insufficient for DEG-CCA1. We also show that CCA1-security of the Elgamal cryptosystem is equivalent to another assumption ddh, while we show that ddh is insufficient for Elgamal’s CCA1-security. Fin...

Background. The choice of pelvic reconstruction technique in children with developmental dysplasia the hip (DDH) has been subject discussion for many years and is often determined by personal preferences a surgeon rather than X-ray anatomical state acetabulum. variants its anatomy structure have still not reflected available scientific literature.
 Aim study to identify most typical acetab...

BACKGROUND Different extents and locations of acetabular cartilage defect have been supposed to be a major cause of undesirable outcomes of periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). This study aimed to verify whether different locations of cartilage deficiency affect the biomechanical environment in a three-dimensional model utilizing finite eleme...

In this paper we identify the (P, Q)-DDH assumption, as an extreme, powerful generalization of the Decisional Diffie-Hellman (DDH) assumption: virtually all previously proposed generalizations of DDH are instances of the (P, Q)-DDH problem. We prove that our generalization is no harder than DDH through a concrete reduction that we show to be rather tight in most practical cases. One important c...

We establish the complete complexity landscape surrounding CCA1-security of Elgamal and Damgård’s Elgamal (DEG). Denote by X [i] the assumption that the adversary, given a non-adaptive oracle access to the Y oracle with i free variables cannot break the assumption X . We show that the CCA1-security of Elgamal is equivalent to the DDH assumption. We then give a simple alternative to Gjøsteen’s p...

We introduce and study a new type of DDH-like assumptions based on groups of prime order q. Whereas standard DDH is based on encoding elements of Fq “in the exponent” of elements in the group, we ask what happens if instead we put in the exponent elements of the extension ring Rf = Fq[X]/(f) where f is a degree-d polynomial. The decision problem that follows naturally reduces to the case where ...

INTRODUCTION Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common skeletal disease, which is characterized by abnormal seating of the femoral head in the acetabulum. Genetic factors play a considerable role in the etiology of DDH. Asporin (ASPN) is an ECM protein which can bind to TGF-β1 and sequentially inhibit TGF-β/Smad signaling. A functional aspartic acid (D) repeat polymorphism of ASPN wa...