To find evidence for a connection between heat stress response, oxidative stress, and common stress tolerance, we studied the effects of elevated growth temperatures and heat stress on the activity and expression of ascorbate peroxidase (APX). We compared wild-type Arabidopsis with transgenic plants overexpressing heat shock transcription factor 3 (HSF3), which synthesize heat shock proteins an...

In this paper we address a common question in wireless communication: How long does it take to satisfy an arbitrary set of wireless communication requests? This problem is known as the wireless scheduling problem. Our main result proves that wireless scheduling is in APX. In addition we present a robustness result, showing that constant parameter and model changes will modify the result only by...

When plants are exposed to stressful environmental conditions, the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) increases and can cause significant damage to the cells. Antioxidant defenses, which can detoxify ROS, are present in plants. A major hydrogen peroxide detoxifying system in plant cells is the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, in which, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes play a key role cat...

The peroxisomal isoform of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is a novel membrane isoform that functions in the regeneration of NAD(+) and protection against toxic reactive oxygen species. The intracellular localization and sorting of peroxisomal APX were examined both in vivo and in vitro. Epitope-tagged peroxisomal APX, which was expressed transiently in tobacco BY-2 cells, localized to a reticular/c...

Previous studies have demonstrated that insulin and IGF-1 both increase lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA) and decrease mean arterial pressure (MAP). We hypothesized that the peripheral responses to insulin and IGF-1 are mediated, at least in part, via the central nervous system. In this study we determined the effects of the peripheral administration of both insulin and IGF-1 on cardiova...

We studied the response of each ascorbate peroxidase (APX) isoenzyme in spinach leaves under stress conditions imposed by high light intensity, drought, salinity, and applications of methyl viologen and abscisic acid. The steady-state transcript level of cytosolic APX remarkably increased in response to high-light stress and methyl viologen treatment, but not in response to the other stress tre...

We reported that the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan decreases arterial pressure in sodium-replete rats and that this response is attenuated in area postrema-lesioned (APx) rats (J. P. Collister, B. J. Hornfeldt, and J. W. Osborn. Hypertension 27: 598-606, 1996). In that study, food intake for the 3-wk period after sham lesion was restricted to that observed in APx rats. Food-restricted sham r...

NADPH oxidase (Nox)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increasingly recognized as a key factor in inflammation and extracellular matrix accumulation in diabetic kidney disease. APX-115 (3-phenyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-4-propyl-1-5-hydroxypyrazol HCl) is a novel orally active pan-Nox inhibitor. The objective of this study was to compare the protective effect of APX-115 with a renin-angiotensin ...

Among major reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exhibits dual roles in plant metabolism. Low levels of H2O2 modulate many biological/physiological processes in plants; whereas, its high level can cause damage to cell structures, having severe consequences. Thus, steady-state level of cellular H2O2 must be tightly regulated. Glutathione peroxidases (GPX) and ascorbate peroxid...