Orphan drugs (ODs) are intended for the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of rare diseases. Many cancer subtypes, including all childhood cancers, are defined as rare diseases, and over one-third of ODs are now intended to treat oncology indications. However, market access for oncology ODs is becoming increasingly challenging; ODs are prone to significant uncertainty around their cost-effecti...

conclusions higher ods score in females who had c/s showed that c/s could not protect the pelvic organ from pregnancy and delivery trauma. it seems that episiotomy has a protective effect during vd; it can reduce the severity of trauma in pelvic organs during childbearing. results in 30 consecutive females undergoing starr for the treatment of ods, who enrolled in this prospective study, 19 (63...

Obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS) is a functional disorder commonly encountered by colorectal surgeons and gastroenterologists, and greatly affects the quality of life of patients from both societal and psychological aspects. The underlying anatomical and pathophysiological changes of ODS are complex. However, intra-rectal intussusception and rectocele are frequently found in patients with O...

Business-intelligence queries often involve SQL functions and algebraic expressions. There can be clear semantic relationships between a column’s values and the values of a function over that column. A common property is monotonicity: as the column’s values ascend, so do the function’s values. This we call an order dependency (OD). Queries can be evaluated more efficiently when the query optimi...

BACKGROUND To elucidate the relationship between seven occupational dermatoses (ODs) and 20 types of work in Greece. METHODS This was a prevalence epidemiologic study of certain ODs among 4,000 workers employed in 20 types of enterprise, in 104 companies, in 2006-2012, using data from company medical records, questionnaires, occupational medical, and special examinations. The χ(2) test was ap...

The extrapontine myelinolysis of osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is a well-known but uncommon disorder of the central nervous system. Although the mechanism is not fully understood and the treatment is controversial, hyponatremia is probably considered to be the main pathophysiological basis. There are few reports of ODS caused by a sellar lesion. Here we present a case of suprasellar arac...

−The current technologies for achieving low sulfur in diesel fuel are based on hydrotreating, which requires high temperature, high pressure and excessive supply of hydrogen. Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) is considered one of the promising new methods for super deep desulfurization, which could be carried out under very mild conditions (atmospheric pressure, <100 oC) without consumption of hy...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of using a novel optical detection system (ODS) as an adjunct to colposcopy. METHODS A multicenter internally controlled trial designed to evaluate the performance of an ODS system (LUMA MediSpectra, Lexington, MA) used as an adjunct to colposcopy among women referred for the evaluation of an abnormal cervical cytology result was conducted at 7 colposcopy clin...

There have been many studies conducted on online discussion sites (ODS) but studies related to the user interface of ODS is lacking. User interface design of ODS plays an important role in increasing user experiences. Thus this study aims to propose a suitable methodology for designing ODS for emotional user experiences. Emotional user experiences towards a design generally use a single investi...

Dependencies play an important role in database theory. We study order dependencies (ODs)—and unidirectional order dependencies (UODs), sub-class of ODs—which describe the relationships among lexicographical orderings of sets of tuples. We investigate the inference problem for order dependencies. We establish the following: (i) a sound and complete chase procedure for ODs for testing logical im...