Elevating glucocorticoids in the amygdala produces colorectal hypersensitivity through activation of lumbosacral spinal neurons. The aim of this study was to determine if descending modulation from the amygdala affects spinal processing of input from urinary bladder afferents. Fischer-344 rats received cholesterol (inactive control)-, corticosterone-, or aldosterone-containing micropellets plac...

Nowadays, UnderBalanced Drilling (UBD) technology is widely applicable in the petroleum industry due to its advantages to an overbalanced drilling operation. UBD success depends on maintaining the drilling fluid circulating pressure below the reservoir pore pressure during operations. One of the main prerequisites of a successful UBD operation is the correct estimation of the pressure profi...

PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between distal symmetric peripheral neuropathy and early stages of autonomic bladder dysfunction in type 2 diabetic women. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 137 diabetic women with minimal coexisting confounders of voiding dysfunction followed at a diabetes clinic were subject to the following evaluations: current perception threshold (CPT) tests on myel...

The purpose of this action research was to examine the impacts Understanding by Design (UbD) Model on class ten student's achievement in chemistry. study population comprises students 10 Mendrelgang Central School. A sample 62 students: 22 boys and 40 girls, drawn using purposive sampling technique. participants were divided into two groups, control experimental group. pretest-posttest group de...

The dual native chemical ligation at lysine strategy was revised by replacing the acid-labile Cbz protecting group with photolabile NVOC at the 4-mercaptolysine side chain. The optimized strategy was subsequently applied to the synthesis of K48-linked diubiquitin.

Lys48-linked polyubiquitin chains are recognized by the proteasome as a tag for the degradation of the attached substrates. Here, a new crystal form of Lys48-linked diubiquitin (Ub2) was obtained and the crystal structure was refined to 1.6 A resolution. The structure reveals an ordered isopeptide bond in a trans configuration. All three molecules in the asymmetric unit were in the same closed ...

Linkage-specific DUBs employ different mechanisms to recognize and cleave polyubiquitin chains of specific linkage types. In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Flierman et al. (2016) develop a new family of novel non-hydrolyzable diubiquitin probes that will be valuable tools to study how DUBs achieve specificity.

We present the development of a native chemical ligation handle that also functions as a masked electrophile that can be liberated during synthesis when required. This handle can thus be used for the synthesis of complex activity-based probes. We describe the use of this handle in the generation of linkage-specific activity-based deubiquitylating enzyme probes that contain substrate context and...

OBJECTIVE HLA-DRB1*03-DQB1*0201/DRB1*04-DQB1*0302 (DR3/4-DQ8) siblings who share both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes identical-by-descent with their proband siblings have a higher risk for type 1A diabetes than DR3/4-DQ8 siblings who do not share both MHC haplotypes identical-by-descent. Our goal was to search for non-DR/DQ MHC genetic determinants that cause the additional r...

TRPA1-related drugs alter sensation, particularly in conditions of inflammation. To further characterize the role these bladder TRPA1 agonist cinnamaldehyde (CMA) and oral true cinnamon spice were examined preclinical models pain. Female adult rats, with without acute zymosan-induced cystitis, anesthetized visceromotor (VMR) cystometric responses to urinary distension (UBD) determined following...