PURPOSE Single-shot imaging by spatiotemporal encoding (SPEN) can provide higher immunity to artifacts than its echo planar imaging-based counterparts. Further improvements in resolution and signal-to-noise ratio could be made by rescinding the sequence's single-scan nature. To explore this option, an interleaved SPEN version was developed that was capable of delivering optimized images due to ...

PURPOSE Spatiotemporally Encoded (SPEN) MRI is based on progressive point-by-point refocusing of the image in the spatial rather than the k-space domain through the use of frequency-swept radiofrequency pulses and quadratic phase profiles. This technique provides high robustness against frequency-offsets including B0 inhomogeneities and chemical-shift (e.g., fat/water) distortions, and can cons...

In mammals, the noncoding Xist RNA triggers transcriptional silencing of one of the two X chromosomes in female cells. Here, we report a genetic screen for silencing factors in X chromosome inactivation using haploid mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that carry an engineered selectable reporter system. This system was able to identify several candidate factors that are genetically required for ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS To analyze the effect of short-term supportive temporary partial enteral nutrition therapy for treating severe pediatric Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS We conducted a prospective, open-label study in pediatric patients with CD (n=78) from January 2007 to December 2011. The CD patients were divided into three groups according to disease severity (mild, moderate, and severe). Sev...

Solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas (SPEN) is an encapsulated, slowly enlarging abdominal mass that generally shows no evidence of capsular invasion, regional lymph node involvement, or distal metastases. We present a 68 years old Hispanic male diagnosed with SPEN 5 years earlier that refused surgical excision. Presently he underwent a whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT. Although tum...

Recent studies described an "ultrafast" scanning method based on spatiotemporal (SPEN) principles. SPEN demonstrates numerous potential advantages over EPI-based alternatives, at no additional expense in experimental complexity. An important aspect that SPEN still needs to achieve for providing a competitive ultrafast MRI acquisition alternative, entails exploiting parallel imaging algorithms w...

PURPOSE Ultrafast sequences based on "Hybrid" spatiotemporal encoding (SPEN) replace echo-planar imaging's phase encoding "blips," while retaining a k-space readout acquisition. Hardware imperfections during acquisition may lead to ghosts and striped artifacts along the SPEN dimension; akin to echo-planar imaging's Nyquist ghosts, but weaker. A referenceless method to eliminate these artifacts ...

split ends (spen) encodes nuclear 600 kDa proteins that contain RNA recognition motifs and a conserved C-terminal sequence. These features define a new protein family, Spen, which includes the vertebrate MINT transcriptional regulator. Zygotic spen mutants affect the growth and guidance of a subset of axons in the Drosophila embryo. Removing maternal and zygotic protein elicits cell-fate and mo...

PURPOSE Single-scan multislice acquisition schemes play key roles in magnetic resonance imaging. Central among these "ultrafast" experiments stands echo-planar imaging, a technique that although of optimal sampling is challenged by T2* artifacts. Recent studies described alternatives based on spatiotemporal encoding (SPEN), which are particularly robust if implemented in a "full-refocusing" mod...

Hyperpolarized metabolic imaging is a growing field that has provided a new tool for analyzing metabolism, particularly in cancer. Given the short life times of the hyperpolarized signal, fast and effective spectroscopic imaging methods compatible with dynamic metabolic characterizations are necessary. Several approaches have been customized for hyperpolarized (13)C MRI, including CSI with a ce...