background: rna interference (rnai) is a phenomenon uses double-stranded rna (dsrna) to specifically inhibit gene expression. the non-specific silencing caused by interferon response to dsrna in mammalian cells limits the potential of utilizing rnai to study gene function. duplexes of 21-nucleotide short interfering dsrna (sirna) inhibit gene expression by rnai. in some organisms, sirna can als...

despite the introduction of new antifungal agents, resistances to antifungal therapy continue to increase and outcome of invasive fungal infections treatment is frequently suboptimal. a large amount of the recent effort in antifungal drug discovery has focused on a limited set of targets with functions known or expected to be important for fungal viability and virulence. a variety of techniques...

We know that Innovation plays a crucial role in sustainable development for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) cluster. This paper applies a multi-criteria methodology to SMEs cluster innovation capability appraisal, known as the analytic hierarchy process(AHP). This methodology is especially useful when there is partial information and/or qualitative variables are used. Firstly, this paper de...

Exogenous application of RNA molecules is a potent method to trigger interference (RNAi) in plants transgene-free manner. So far, all exogenous RNAi (exo-RNAi) applications have aimed mRNA degradation given target. However, the issue concomitant epigenetic changes was never addressed. Here, we report for first time that high-pressure spraying dsRNAs can de novo methylation promoter sequences pl...

RNA interference (RNAi)-based pesticides are pest control agents that use RNAi mechanisms as the basis of their action. They regarded environmentally friendly and a promising alternative to conventional chemical pesticides. The effective substance in RNAi-based is double-stranded (dsRNA) designed match nucleotide sequence target essential gene concern. When taken up by pest, this exerts an effe...

Double-stranded RNA-mediated interference (RNAi), antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), and ribozymes have excellent specificity to their target oncogenic mRNA. They also seem show great promise when it comes treating cancer. The problem is that RNAi, ASO, poor stability are constantly being degraded by nucleases. Researchers made some efforts increase oligonucleotides’ creating phospharimidate Pho...

RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological mechanism that involves the inhibition of gene expression by introduction double-stranded (dsRNA) molecules are complementary to specific target genes. This technique has emerged as promising strategy for management insect pests in crops. The application RNAi pest use dsRNA essential genes species. When these ingested pests, they trigger silencing inhibit...