348 words) Background: The assessment of population health has traditionally relied on the population’s average health measured by mortality related indicators. Researchers and policy-makers have increasingly recognized the importance of including information on health inequality and healthrelated quality of life (HRQL) in the assessment of population health. The objective of this study is to a...

349 words) Background: The assessment of population health has traditionally relied on the population’s average health measured by mortality related indicators. Researchers have increasingly recognized the importance of including information on health inequality and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in the assessment of population health. The objective of this study is to assess the health ...

A number of gram-negative bacteria regulate gene expression in a cell density-dependent manner by quorum sensing via N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs). Gluconacetobacter intermedius NCI1051, a gram-negative acetic acid bacterium, produces three different AHLs, N-decanoyl-l-homoserine lactone, N-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone, and an N-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone with a single unsaturated bo...

We propose an approach to explain fluctuations in time intervals of financial markets data from the view point of the Gini index. We show the explicit form of the Gini index for a Weibull distribution which is a good candidate to describe the first passage time of foreign exchange rate. The analytical expression of the Gini index gives a very close value with that of empirical data analysis.

When incomes are ranked in descending order the social-evaluation function corresponding to the Gini relative inequality index can be written as a linear function with the weights being the odd numbers in increasing order. We generalize this function by allowing the weights to be an arbitrary non-decreasing sequence of numbers. This results in a class of generalized Gini relative inequality ind...

BACKGROUND Inequality in households' and individuals' consumption expenditures is one of the most important aspects of health status difference among households and individuals. OBJECTIVES We investigated the impact of some macro-economic factors specially inequality factors on the Iranian rural health status since 1986 through 2012. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a longitudinal ecologic...