The generality of asymmetric reproductive isolation between reciprocal crosses suggests that the evolution of isolation mechanisms often proceeds in reciprocal asymmetry. In hermaphroditic snails that copulate simultaneously and reciprocally, asymmetry in premating isolation may not be readily detectable because the failure of the symmetric performance of courtship would prevent copulation from...

A constraint satisfaction neural network (CSNN) approach is proposed for breast cancer diagnosis using mammographic and patient history findings. Initially, the diagnostic decision to biopsy was formulated as a constraint satisfaction problem. Then, an associative memory type neural network was applied to solve the problem. The proposed network has a flexible, nonhierarchical architecture that ...

PURPOSE To study the association of ARMS2 A69S genotype with the development of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the unaffected fellow eye and to estimate the duration until the development of AMD in the second eye. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 326 patients who had exudative AMD in at least 1 eye, genotyping of ARMS2 A69S, and a m...

Several modifications that have been made to the NDDO core-core interaction term and to the method of parameter optimization are described. These changes have resulted in a more complete parameter optimization, called PM6, which has, in turn, allowed 70 elements to be parameterized. The average unsigned error (AUE) between calculated and reference heats of formation for 4,492 species was 8.0 kc...

Vol. 26 No. 5, 2014 649 Received August 28, 2013, Revised September 28, 2013, Accepted for publication October 5, 2013 Corresponding author: Bong Seok Shin, Department of Dermatology, Chosun University Hospital, 365 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-717, Korea. Tel: 82-62-220-3130, Fax: 82-62-222-3215, E-mail: [email protected] This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of th...

نخستین گام در راستای تحلیل و ارزیابی ریسک‌های زنجیره تأمین شناسایی این ریسک‌ها است. روش‌های مرسوم بر اساس فیلترهای دستی یا خودکار داده‌­محور ارائه شده فیلتر به‌­دلیل محدودیت‌های نمونه‌گیری دارای مشکلات اعتبارسنجی هستند از طرف دیگر مبتنی داده، داده‌های ریسک که پیچیده مبهم هستند، عملکرد ضعیفی دارند. برای پرکرده خلل پژوهشی، پژوهش، چارچوبی تعاملی بین تحلیل‌­گر ماشین حجم وسیعی حوزه مواد غذایی با است...

this paper presents an accurate differential global positioning system (dgps) using multi-layered neural networks (nns) based on the back propagation (bp) and imperialistic competition algorithm (ica) in order to predict the dgps corrections for accurate positioning. simulation results allowed us to optimize the nn performance in term of residual mean square error. we compare results obtained b...