Transcription factors are often regarded as having two separable components: a DNA-binding domain (DBD) and a functional domain (FD), with the DBD thought to determine target gene recognition. While this holds true for DNA bindingin vitro, it appears thatin vivoFDs can also influence genomic targeting. We fused the FD from the well-characterized transcription factor Krüppel-like Factor 3 (KLF3)...

The azoospermia factor (AZF) regions consist of three genetic domains in the long arm of the human Y chromosome referred to as AZFa, AZFb and AZFc. These are of importance for male fertility since they are home to genes required for spermatogenesis. In this paper a comprehensive analysis of AZF structure and gene content will be undertaken. Particular care will be given to the molecular mechani...

To understand the impact of the northwestern Azores Current Front (NW-AzC/AzF) system on HCO3--and N2-fixation activities and unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacteria (UCYN) distribution, we combined geochemical and biological approaches from the oligotrophic surface to upper mesopelagic waters. N2-fixation was observed to sustain 45-85% of the HCO3--fixation in the picoplanktonic fraction perfor...

AIMS The Y chromosome accumulates male-related genes including sex-determining region of Y-chromosome (SRY) and several spermatogenesis-related genes. The long arm contains azoospermia factor (AZF) region (including sub-regions AZFa, AZFb and AZFc). Microdeletions in this region are responsible for azoospermia and oligospermia and result in the male infertility. The aim of this study was to ana...

Introduction: Carbon dioxide emissions from non-volcanic areas are undervalued in the carbon cycle. Methods: First estimates of diffuse CO 2 flux Anninghe—Zemuhe fault (AZF), Southeastern Tibetan Plateau, China, which suggests this could equal 15% all volcanoes China. Following accumulation chamber method, was investigated at 1,483 points, and along 67 profiles crossing AZF. Results discussion:...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the frequency of azoospermia factor (AZF) deletions in Dutch patients with testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). Reduced fertility is associated with TGCTs and reduced fertility and TGCTs might share genetic risk factors according to the testicular dysgenesis hypothesis. Up to 8% of infertility and reduced fertility in the general male population can be explained by the...

BACKGROUND Some genes identified in the AZF locus are expressed only in germinal cells; others are ubiquitous. AZF microdeletions seem to occur at the earliest stages of ontogenetic development, and one might therefore assume that Sertoli cells preserve some immature characteristics and that their immunophenotype may be modified by the existence of a molecular defect. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tw...

Testicular germ cell cancer is aetiologically linked to genital malformations and male infertility and is most probably caused by a disruption of embryonic programming and gonadal development during fetal life. In some cases, germ cell neoplasia is associated with a relative reduction of Y chromosomal material (e.g. 45,X/46,XY) or other abnormalities of the Y chromosome. The euchromatic long ar...

Objective: Microdeletions of azoospermia factor (AZF) regions in Y chromosome were a genetic risk factor of spermatogenic failure and male infertility. Most laboratories carried out the AZF microdeletion testing by using peripheral intravenous blood, and AZF microdeletion in spermatozoa of infertile patients was sometimes not identical to that of peripheral intravenous blood due to the existenc...

Objective: Microdeletions of azoospermia factor (AZF) regions in Y chromosome were a genetic risk factor of spermatogenic failure and male infertility. Most laboratories carried out the AZF microdeletion testing by using peripheral intravenous blood, and AZF microdeletion in spermatozoa of infertile patients was sometimes not identical to that of peripheral intravenous blood due to the existenc...