Within organizations, there are typically limits to leaders’ authority. This paper explores how organizations are structured in the face of such constraints. Many organizational phenomena can be understood as due to leaders’ desire to bolster the “legitimacy” of their authority. Examples include: above-market-clearing wages, merger decisions, bureaucratic organization, and rejection of overqual...

We consider efficiency wage effects in a union-firm bargaining model with private information. We show that an increase in the efficiency wage effects does not necessarily increase the wage level at equilibrium, even when the wage bargaining with private information is close to one with complete information. However, if it is commonly known that the firm is stronger than the union and the deman...

In this paper we derive a model for the joint endogeneity of centrally contracted wages and wage drift in which central union attempts to reduce wage dispersion plays a pivotal role. Empirical results demonstrate that union efforts to level wage differentials exerted large positive effects on both centrally negotiated wage changes and wage drift. We also show that wage drift was accurately pred...

In application to benzene-Ar we test a procedure that makes use of conveniently calculated J50 intermolecular eigenstates to compute molecular constants and transition intensities without requiring explicit diagonalization of the full rotational/intermolecular vibrational Hamiltonian of the species. The approach relies on the ability to calculate the orientation of an Eckart body-fixed frame fo...

سابقه و هدف: آب هوای یک منطقه در دوره بلندمدت را اقلیم گویند. شناسایی طبقه‌بندی اقلیمی از دیرباز مورد توجه متخصصان هواشناسی بوده است. محققان با به کارگیری روش ­های مختلف استفاده متغیرهای همچون بارش دما، زمین مناطق همگن طبقه ­بندی کرده‌اند نتایج پهنه‌بندی ارزیابی کمبود منابع مقیاس­ های کوچک بزرگ منظور پیش‌بینی اقدامات عملی برای کنترل خشکی آسیب‌پذیر به‌کار برده‌اند. هدف این تحقیق به‌‌روزرسانی تحل...

European economies are characterized by unionized labor markets and a pronounced governmental redistribution of income. This paper studies a model where those two features are combined with the possibility for individuals to make charitable contributions to the poor. The model exhibits equilibrium unemployment that increases with the degree of altruism. It is shown that a more progressive incom...

One-third Codetermination at Company Supervisory Boards and Firm Performance in German Manufacturing Industries: First Direct Evidence from a New Type of Enterprise Data This paper contributes to the empirical literature on the co-determination – firm performance nexus by using a new type of data that combines information on the co-determination status of enterprises from a commercial data base...

11 Many authors have discussed an apparent shift to a new employment contract characterized 12 by less commitment between employer and employee, and closer ties between wages within the 13 enterprise and those in the external labor market. We study the issue of when people in the US 14 and Canada feel pay cuts are fair. In contrast to much previous discussion, we find no evidence 15 of increasi...

Empirical work on Akerlof’s theory of gift exchange in labor markets has concentrated on the fair wage-effort hypothesis. In fact, however, the theory also contains a social component that stipulates that homogenous agents that are employed for the same wage level will exert more effort, resulting in higher rents and higher market efficiency, than agents that receive different wages. We present...

The Skill Bias Effect of Technological and Organisational Change: Evidence and Policy Implications Previous empirical literature has shown that technological change can be considered the main cause of the skill bias (increase in the number of highly skilled workers) exhibited by manufacturing employment in developed countries over the last decades. However, recent papers have also introduced th...