Sampling and perfect reconstruction of Finite rate of innovation (FRI) signals, which are usually not bandlimited, was introduced by Vetterli, Marziliano, and Blu [1]. A typical FRI reconstruction algorithm requires solving for FRI signal parameters from a power-sum series. This in turn requires annihilation filters and polynomial root-finding techniques. These steps complicate the analysis of ...

Aerial-photo interpreted inventories of forest resources, including tree species composition, are valuable in resource management, but expensive to create and can be relatively inaccurate. Because differences among their spectral properties seasonal phenologies, it might possible improve such inventory information (FRI) by using concert with multispectral satellite from multiple time periods. W...

Protein structural fluctuation, typically measured by Debye-Waller factors, or B-factors, is a manifestation of protein flexibility, which strongly correlates to protein function. The flexibility-rigidity index (FRI) is a newly proposed method for the construction of atomic rigidity functions required in the theory of continuum elasticity with atomic rigidity, which is a new multiscale formalis...

The Landsberg erecta (Ler) accession of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has a weak allele of the floral inhibitor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). FLC-Ler is weakly up-regulated by the active San Feliu-2 (Sf2) allele of FRIGIDA (FRI-Sf2), resulting in a moderately late-flowering phenotype. By contrast, the Columbia (Col) allele of FLC is strongly up-regulated by FRI-Sf2, resulting in a very late-flo...

OBJECTIVE Renal conservation (retention) of fluid might affect the outcome of hospital care and can be indicated by increased urinary concentrations of metabolic waste products. We obtained a reference material for further studies by exploring the prevalence of fluid retention in a healthy population. METHODS Spot urine sampling was performed in 300 healthy hospital workers. A previously vali...

In temperate climates, the prolonged cold temperature of winter serves as a seasonal landmark for winter-annual and biennial plants. In these plants, flowering is blocked before winter. In Arabidopsis thaliana, natural variation in the FRIGIDA (FRI) gene is a major determinate of the rapid-cycling vs. winter-annual flowering habits. In winter-annual accessions of Arabidopsis, FRI activity block...

Several Fuzzy Rule Interpolation (FRI) techniques have limitations from the direct application point of view, for example their applicability is limited to the one dimensional case, or they can be defined only based on the two closest surrounding rules of the actual observation. This is the reason why relatively few FRI methods can be found among the practical fuzzy rule based applications. Wit...

The flowering of Arabidopsis thaliana winter annuals is delayed until the subsequent spring by the strong floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). FRIGIDA (FRI) activates the transcription of FLC, but the molecular mechanism remains elusive. The fri mutation causes early flowering with reduced FLC expression similar to frl1, fes1, suf4, and flx, which are mutants of FLC-specific regulators. He...

A latitudinal cline in flowering time in accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana has been widely predicted because the environmental cues that promote flowering vary systematically with latitude, but evidence for such clines has been lacking. Here, we report evidence of a significant latitudinal cline in flowering time among 70 Northern European and Mediterranean ecotypes when grown under ecological...