Up till now, only linearly polarized microwave radiation are employed by the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems onboard spaceborne platforms. In general, such linearly polarized SAR (LP-SAR) systems are very sensitive to Faraday rotation in the ionosphere and platform posture, both of which will contribute to system noise superposed on the resulting backscattering signature. So as to improv...

Since November 2006, DLR operates F-SAR a new airborne SAR sensor beside its experimental airborne SAR sensor E-SAR. F-SAR is a totally new development utilizing most modern hardware. It is presently operated in X-band and has been supplemented recently being fully polarimetric. F-SAR already accomplished several flights and acquired SAR data in different operation modes, amongst others in alon...

objective: soil salinity is one of the major worldwide environmental constraints affecting agricultural production in arid and semiarid regions. lack of proper management of water and soil resources lead to increase soil salinity and reduce soil fertility. on the other hand, it seems simple and cheap method of measuring soil salinity is necessary. the aim of this study was to determine the rela...

Various applications, like for instance algorithm design, mission planning, geo-referencing, change detection , Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) or SAR data analysis, rely on simulated synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. However, there are different SAR simulation techniques with different advantages and disadvantages. Depending on the needs of a certain application, a suitable SAR simulat...

The species-area relationship (SAR) provides a cornerstone for ecological theory. Implicit in SAR studies is the assumption that SAR properties, especially SAR slopes, remain constant through time, even though the ecosystem characteristics that they encompass the spatial distribution and abundance of species change on seasonal to evolutionary time scales. Focusing on disturbed subalpine systems...

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image change detection is a very complex problem like SAR imaging mechanism. Every change detection method has its advantage and disadvantage, and there are no optimal change detection approaches. If general means is directly applied to SAR image change detection, the results are usual no ideal. Sometimes, for a pair of multitemporal SAR images, different detectio...

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is the phenomenon whereby a plant’s own defense mechanisms are induced by prior treatment with either a biological or chemical agent. The concept of SAR has been widely recognized and studied for the past 100 years in relation to increasing resistance to fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens of economically important crop plants. The use of SAR as part of a d...

OBJECTIVE To identify search and rescue (SAR) trends in US National Park Service (NPS) units. METHODS A retrospective review of the US National Park Service Annual Search and Rescue Reports from 1992 to 2007 and the SAR statistics for all NPS units in 2005. RESULTS From 1992 to 2007 there were 78,488 individuals involved in 65,439 SAR incidents. These incidents ended with 2659 fatalities, 2...