C4I to M&S interoperability is currently facilitated by software interfaces established between specific systems. The development of C4I to M&S interfaces has not been considered one of the primary design requirements for either type of system. This has led to systemic problems in using M&S systems to support C4I system testing, training & experimentation. The Army is addressing these interoper...

Problem statement: The Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence (C4I) Systems provided situational awareness about operational environment and supported in decision making and directed to operative environment. These systems had been used by various agencies like defense, police, investigation, road, rail, airports, oil and gas related department. However, the increase use o...

Technologies and methods have been developed within C4I systems that permit them to function as federates using the High Level Architecture (HLA). The HLA Runtime Infrastructure (RTI) has been shown to run successfully on C4I system hardware that is based on the Defense Information Infrastructure Common Operational Environment (DII COE). The most prominent example to date has been the operation...

The U.S. Army’s Force XXI initiative provides automated C4I systems to commanders and their staffs at the brigade through corps echelons to increase situational awareness and support improved command and control decision making. These systems provide extensive automation support, including local area networks for data communications within command post structures and wide area communications li...

For years, simulations have been used by analysis and planning staffs to develop and rehearse operation plans, analyze results, and develop doctrine. Typically, combat simulations are used most heavily during the planning stages of an operation, prior to battlefield action. However, simulations are increasingly being used during operations to perform course of action analyses (COAA) and develop...

The construct of situation awareness (SA) has become a core theme within the human factors (HF) research community. Consequently, there have been numerous attempts to develop reliable and valid measures of SA but there is a lack of techniques developed specifically for the assessment of SA in command, control, communication, computers and intelligence (C4i) environments. During the design, deve...

Key to the future interoperability of Simulations with Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence (C4I) systems is the Defense Information Infrastructure Common Operating Environment (DII COE) Architecture. The DII COE is composed of configurable, layered, reusable software components that work together with specific C4I mission software to perform a task. All future DoD C4I s...