Transmissible colistin resistance mediated by the mcr gene has been reported worldwide, but clinical isolates of mcr-negative colistin-resistant Escherichia coli are rarely reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanism of colistin resistance among mcr-positive and mcr-negative E. coli clinical isolates by performing a molecular epidemiological surveillance. For the first time ev...

The rapid spreading of polymyxin E (colistin) resistance among bacterial strains through the horizontally transmissible mcr-1 and mcr-2 plasmids has become a serious concern. The emergence of these genes in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), a group of human pathogenic bacteria was even more worrisome, urging us to investigate the prevalence of mcr genes among STEC isolates. A total...

Results The MCR sheets manufactured with a shore hardness of 15’ Shore ‘A’, has helped prevent high pressure points and thus avoid plantar ulcers in anaesthetic feet. Natural Rubber along with several other chemicals is used in optimum quantities to manufacture MCR. The unique manufacturing process gives MCR the ability to spring back to original shape when pressure is released while walking. T...

A novel mcr variant, named mcr-1.2, encoding a Gln3-to-Leu functional variant of MCR-1, was detected in a KPC-3-producing ST512 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate collected in Italy from a surveillance rectal swab from a leukemic child. The mcr-1.2 gene was carried on a transferable IncX4 plasmid whose structure was very similar to that of mcr-1-bearing plasmids previously found in Escherichia coli ...

Background The emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) micro-organisms prompted new interest in older antibiotics, such as colistin, that had been abandoned previously due to limited efficacy or high toxicity. Over the years, several chromosomal-encoded colistin resistance mechanisms have described; more recently, 10 plasmid-mediated mobile (mcr) genes identified. Spread these among MDR Gram-ne...

The plasmid-encoded colistin resistance gene (mcr-1) has recently been reported in various Gram-negative species. However, the expression profile of mcr-1 remains unknown. Here, we investigated the expression of mcr-1 in various plasmids and bacteria. The mcr-1 expression levels in pMCR1_IncX4 varied from 1.81 × 10-5 to 1.05 × 10-4 (pmol per μg total RNA) in the two K. pneumoniae strains SZ03 a...

BACKGROUND Chronotropic incompetence (CI), an attenuated heart rate (HR) response to exercise, is common in patients with cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the chronotropic response (CR) during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation and investigate the effects of β-blockers. METHODS Patients undergoing cardiac...

MCR-1 is a phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) transferase that modifies the pEtN moiety of lipid A, conferring resistance to colistin, which is an antibiotic belonging to the class of polypeptide antibiotics known as polymyxins and is the last-line antibiotic used to treat multidrug resistant bacterial infections. Here we determined the crystal structure of the catalytic domain of MCR-1 (MCR-1-ED), whi...

Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes (mcr-1 to mcr-10) are plasmid-encoded that threaten the clinical utility of (COL), one highest-priority critically important antibiotics (HP-CIAs) used treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant bacteria in humans animals. For more than six decades, COL has been largely unregulated poultry sector low- middle-income countr...