Background: Interaction between killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules is important for regulation of natural killer (NK) cell function. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of compound KIR-HLA genotype on susceptibility to acute leukemia. Methods: Cohorts of Iranian patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML;...

Purpose: In 2010, a Children's Oncology Group (COG) phase III randomized trial for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (ANBL0032) demonstrated improved event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) following treatment with an immunotherapy regimen of dinutuximab, GM-CSF, IL2, and isotretinoin compared with treatment with isotretinoin alone. Dinutuximab, a chimeric anti-GD2 monoclonal an...

HLA class I molecules are ligands for natural killer cells’ inhibitory (KIR DL) and activating (KIR DS) receptors. KIR DL receptors have a greater avidity for HLA class I molecules than KIR DS receptors. Thus, there is a possibility that HLA molecules drive KIR receptor selection. We have used the percentage of individuals bearing the genes KIR 3DS1, 2DS1, 2DS2, 2DS3, 2DS4, 2DS5, 2DL1, 2DL2, 2D...

Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) MHC-C appears less evolved than human HLA-C: Popy-C is not fixed and its alleles encode only one (C1) of the two motifs for killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) ligands. To assess the structure and complexity of the orangutan KIR locus, the complete nucleotide sequence of an orangutan KIR haplotype was determined. The PopyKIR locus is flanked by LILR and FCAR and consis...

The killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) gene family encodes MHC class I-specific receptors, which regulate NK cell responses and are also expressed on subpopulations of T cells. KIR haplotypes vary in gene content, which, in combination with allelic polymorphism, extensively diversifies the KIR genotype both within and between human populations. Species comparison indicates that formation of new...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the situation of inwardly rectifying potassium channels Kir 2.1 and Kir 4.1 under hypo-xic conditions, and whether the A2A  receptor antagonist could modulate the mRNA expression of Kir 2.1 and Kir 4.1 channels in retinal Müller cells in vitro under hypoxic conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Müller cells were treated with 0.1 1, 10 and 100 µM of A2A  receptor antagonis...

background: killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (kir) are expressed on nk cells and a subset of t cells. the variable kir receptors along with their ligands, hla class i, influence risk for autoimmune and malignant diseases. objective: to investigate the kir gene profiles in relation to susceptibility to graves’ disease in patients with ophthalmopathy. methods: kir genes profiles were ana...

Purpose: The immune responses of natural killer (NK) cells against cancer vary by patient. Killer Ig-like receptors (KIRs), which are some the major involved in regulating NK cell activity for killing cells, have significant genetic variation. Numerous studies suggested a potential association between variation KIR genes and risk development or prognosis various types. However, an variations gl...