نتایج جستجو برای: ترکیبات btx
تعداد نتایج: 23385 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Poison-dart Phyllobates terribilis frogs sequester lethal amounts of steroidal alkaloid batrachotoxin (BTX) in their skin as a defense mechanism against predators. BTX targets voltage-gated Na+ channels and enables them to open persistently. How BTX autoresistance arises in such frogs remains a mystery. The BTX receptor has been delineated along the Na+ channel inner cavity, which is formed joi...
Two reports have shown a Japanese preparation of botulinum toxin type F (BTX-F) to be an effective alternative for patients with torticollis who develop clinical resistance to botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A). A group of patients with torticollis, comprising five secondary non-responders and one primary non-responder, were treated with a preparation of BTX-F produced in the UK (Speywood Pharmaceu...
Seven Co(II) coordination polymers, [Co(btx)(3)(H(2)O)(2)](ClO(4))(2)·(btx)·2H(2)O (1), [Co(btx)(3)(H(2)O)(2)](BF(4))(2)·(btx)·2H(2)O (2), [Co(btx)(2)(H(2)O)(2)](NO(3))(2)·2H(2)O (3), [Co(btx)(2)Cl(2)] (4), [Co(btx)(BA)(2)(H(2)O)(2)]·2HBA (5), [Co(btx)(IPA)] (6) and [Co(3)(btx)(3)(BTA)(2)(H(2)O)(2)] (7) (btx = (1,4-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene), HBA = benzoic acid, H(2)IPA = isophthalic...
Since its approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2002 for glabellar wrinkles, botulinum toxin (BTX) has been widely used to correct facial wrinkles. As a result, many consider BTX synonymous with cosmetic dermatology. Recent studies indicate that BTX elicits biological effects on various skin cell types via the modulation of neurotransmitter release, and it seems that BTX has a wide...
Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) preparations are widely used nonsurgical treatments for facial wrinkles. Higher doses of BTX-A are also used for therapeutic purposes in the treatment of conditions involving increased muscle tone, such as cervical dystonia. The phenomenon of antibody-induced treatment failure is well known in the therapeutic setting, but reports are also emerging following cosmet...
Lumbar sympathetic block (LSB) is an effective method for relief of sympathetically mediated pain in the lower extremities. To prolong the sympathetic blockade, sympathetic destruction with alcohol or radiofrequency has been used. The pre-ganglionic sympathetic nerves are cholinergic, and botulinum toxin (BTX) has been found to inhibit the release of acetylcholine at the cholinergic nerve termi...
BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) has been used to reduce spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP) for decades. The purpose of this study was to analyze to what extent BTX-A treatment was used to treat spasticity in a total population of children with CP. We investigated 1) the use of BTX-A in relation to age, sex, and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, 2) the m...
OBJECTIVES Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that has been shown to inhibit bone resorption. The aim of the study was to investigate whether pantoprazole can prevent development of botulinum toxin (BTX)-induced disuse osteopenia in mice. METHODS Forty-eight 16-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were randomized into 4 groups (n=12): Base, Ctrl, BTX, and BTX+Pan. The Base group was euthanized ...
Batrachotoxin (BTX) is a steroidal alkaloid that causes Na+ channels to open persistently. This toxin has been used widely as a tool for studying Na+ channel gating processes and for estimating Na+ channel density. In this report we used point mutations to identify critical residues involved in BTX binding and to examine if such mutations affect channel gating. We show that a single asparagine ...
The sodium channel blockers tetrodotoxin (TTX) and saxitoxin (STX) and the channel activator batrachotoxin (BTX) produce their effects by binding to separate and distinct sites on the channel protein. The fact that TTX- and STX-modified sodium channels are blocked to sodium flux has precluded drawing any direct conclusions regarding the effect of TTX/STX on BTX binding based on electrophysiolog...
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