This grime is hard to wash off with water, simply because water molecules are more attracted to one another than they are to oil. Oil and water don't mix; thus, they separate into two. We have been taught this since elementary school, with lots of demonstrations. Oil molecules are large and awkward; they are not polar, so water, a very polar molecule, can’t bond with it. This is why when you ha...

Manuscript by Alyson Baergen and D. J. Donaldson focuses on formation of HONO, a key chemical species and/or reaction intermediate in atmospheric chemistry, during photolysis of urban grime. Given the fact that sources and formation of daytime HONO in urban setup are poorly understood, this study reveals potential chemical and photochemical reaction pathways and mechanisms to yield HONO. The kn...

Heterogeneous reactions of NO2 on different surfaces play an important role in atmospheric NOx removal and HONO formation, having profound impacts photochemistry polluted urban areas. Previous studies have suggested that the uptake ground or aerosol could be a dominant source for elevated during daytime. However, behavior varies with surfaces, coefficients were used derived studies. To obtain m...

1 In response to my essay review that attempted to reconcile the plant strategy theories of Grime and Tilman, Grime rejects five tenets that I had identified in his theories that were incomplete, inconsistent, or incorrect. 2 Grime fails to adequately address three of these concerns. Regarding the other concerns, it is clear that the concept of relative importance needs to be developed further....