This study uses phylogenetic relationships of the species-rich section Astragalus (Incani), to follow up on recent evidence pointing rapid and plant diversification patterns in west Iran. Section Incani is introduced for its taxonomic complication resulting from overlapping morphological characters, but few studies have been done this section; hence, we also lack a robust time-calibrated chrono...

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For battery-powered electronic products, one way to extend battery life is to use a versatile step-up/step-down DC-DC converter. A new versatile step-up/step-down switched-capacitor-based converter structure is proposed, and its efficiency is analyzed. In the step-down case, the efficiency is the same as, or even better than the efficiency of linear regulators. key words: DC-DC converter, switc...

MOSFET is the most commonly used devices in DC-DC power converters, and its performance is important to the prognosis and health management of power. The paper proposes a degradation analysis model for MOSFET in DC-DC power converters. A method for detecting the degradation of MOSFET is also introduced. Simulations have shown that the method can predict deterioration in the performance of MOSFE...

The thermoelectric transfer difference of Thermal Converters (TCs) can be evaluated in both current mode and voltage mode, using a fast-reversed dc (FRDC) source. Some types of TCs show differences in the thermoelectric transfer difference between voltage and current mode as large as some parts in 10. In order to investigate the origin of the discrepancy, the change of the thermoelectric transf...