This paper examines the industrial innovation landscape of Pakistan’s North West Frontier Province (NWFP) presenting results from its first innovation survey (2008). Analysing data collected from 304 industrial firms, this paper confirms that only 14% of the surveyed firms possessed an in-house research and development unit and around 50% of firms have no scientists or engineers working for the...

T he notion of the contemporary West China literature originated in the 1980s when in 1982, the literary magazine Yang Guan proposed to start Dunhuang Arts as a particular school of literary and artistic works. In 1983, poets and critics in Gansu and Xinjiang were engaged in discussions of the emergent New Frontier Poetry. In 1984, critics such as Sun Keheng and Tang Qi pointed out that the new...

so quickly that the issue was exhausted within five months of publication. It has been well received by the Government of India, the Secretary of State for the Colonies, the Local Governments of Bengal, Madras, Punjab, the United Provinces, Assam, the Central Provinces, the North-West Frontier Provinces, Baluchistan, by the Nepal Durbar, and by several Native States. This augurs well for the fa...

As Clifford Geertz remarked in his Islam Observed (1968), the idea of a ‘changing’ religion is a contradiction in terms, as religion is fundamentally concerned with what is permanent and eternal. Still, one way to come to terms with religious change is to consider the many ways that religion is interpreted, by laymen and scholars alike. Social anthropologists like myself have naturally found a ...

The Prevalence and role of mouth parasites in patients attending Out Patient Department of Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar, North West Frontier Province of Pakistan were investigated. The prevalence of Entamoeba gingivalis and trichomonas tenax estimated in 150 patients belonging to rural and urban localities in North West Frontier Province of Pakistan during February 2006 to July 2006. A...

Abstract China's west has long been framed as an undeveloped frontier, set apart by poverty and a resource-based economy. Since the 2000s, however, utility-scale renewable energy infrastructure expanded rapidly in western China, promising local economic benefits tied to national low-carbon transition. This paper contends that these have precarious unevenly distributed. I argue remade China “low...