Maltose and maltotriose are the major sugars in brewer's wort. Brewer's yeasts contain multiple genes for maltose transporters. It is not known which of these express functional transporters. We correlated maltose transport kinetics with the genotypes of some ale and lager yeasts. Maltose transport by two ale strains was strongly inhibited by other alpha-glucosides, suggesting the use of broad ...

In this extended abstract we introduce the Arcade Learning Environment (ALE): both a challenge problem and a platform and methodology for evaluating the development of general, domainindependent AI technology. ALE provides an interface to hundreds of Atari 2600 game environments, each one different, interesting, and designed to be a challenge for human players. ALE presents significant research...

We introduce ALE, a new framework for writing games for the Android platform. The primary motivation behind ALE is to emphasize reading code before writing it. Beginners read game code to learn how levels can be made, and advanced users read the code of ALE itself to learn how to create useful and extensible libraries. To date, roughly 200 students at our university have used ALE, ranging from ...

Atomic layer etching (ALE) typically divides the etching process into two self­limited reactions. One reaction passivates a single layer of material while the second preferentially removes the passivated layer. As such, under ideal conditions the wafer scale uniformity of ALE should be independent of the uniformity of the reactant fluxes onto the wafers, provided all surface reactions are satur...

BACKGROUND Alendronate (ALE) is a conventional drug used to treat osteoporosis. Low-magnitude whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise has been developed as a potential treatment for osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether low-magnitude WBV could enhance the protective effect of ALE on bone properties in ovariectomized rats. METHODS A total of 128 Sprague-Dawley rats were ra...

Chrysophyllum cainito L., a traditional herbal medicine, could have the potential for management of hypertension due to presence of polyphenolic compounds. The extracts and fractions of the pulp of plant were evaluated for in vitro (inhibition of angiotensin I converting enzyme/ACE assay), ex vivo (isolated aorta relaxation assay) and in vivo (salt induced hypertensive rat assay). The alcoholic...

A novel staphylolytic enzyme, ALE-1, is a glycylglycine endopeptidase produced by Staphylococcus capitis EPK1. ALE-1 possesses seven histidines. Chemical modification studies using diethylpyrocarbonate and iodoacetic acid suggested that a histidine or tyrosine residue(s) in the molecule is important for the organism's staphylolytic activity. All of the histidine residues, one tyrosine, and one ...

BACKGROUND 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (5-FdU), a drug against gastric cancer, was covalently linked via its nucleobase with the amino-bisphosphonate alendronate (Ale), resulting in a new antimetabolite-bisphosphonate conjugate (5-FdU-Ale), designed for bone-targeting. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytostatic effect of 5-FdU-Ale was evaluated in vitro compared to monomers and mixtures using CASY Tec...

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In this article we introduce the Arcade Learning Environment (ALE): both a challenge problem and a platform and methodology for evaluating the development of general, domain-independent AI technology. ALE provides an interface to hundreds of Atari 2600 game environments, each one different, interesting, and designed to be a challenge for human players. ALE presents significant research challeng...