Ubiquitin-mediated endocytosis and post-endocytic trafficking of glutamate receptors control their synaptic abundance and are implicated in modulating synaptic strength. Ubiquitination is a reversible modification, but the identities and specific functions of deubiquitinating enzymes in the nervous system are lacking. Here, we show that the deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin-specific protease-46...

The regulated localization of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) to synapses is an important component of synaptic signaling and plasticity. Regulated ubiquitination and endocytosis determine the synaptic levels of AMPARs, but it is unclear which factors conduct these processes. To identify genes that regulate AMPAR synaptic abunda...

Chronic changes in neural activity trigger a variety of compensatory homeostatic mechanisms by which neurons maintain a normal level of synaptic input. Here we show that chronic activity blockade triggers a compensatory change in the abundance of GLR-1, a Caenorhabditis elegans glutamate receptor. In mutants lacking a voltage-dependent calcium channel (unc-2) or a vesicular glutamate transporte...

In a 3G cellular network, the visitor location registers (VLRs), the gateway location registers (GLRs), and the home location registers (HLRs) form a three-level mobility database structure. When users leave a GLR/VLR service area, deregistration with a GLR/VLR is required. Deregistration may create significant traffic in the network, especially the traffic between a GLR and a HLR, which is the...

Glr, the glutamate racemase of Bacillus subtilis (formerly Bacillus natto) IFO 3336 encoded by the glr gene, and YrpC, a protein encoded by the yrpC gene, which is located at a different locus from that of the glr gene in the B. subtilis genome, share a high sequence similarity. The yrpC gene complemented the D-glutamate auxotrophy of Escherichia coli WM335 cells defective in the glutamate race...

Let F be a number field with discriminant ∆F . Denote its (normalized) absolute values by SF , and write SF = Sfin · ∪ S∞, where S∞ denotes the collection of all archimedean valuations. For simplicity, we use v (resp. σ) to denote elements in Sfin (resp. S∞). Denote by A = AF the ring of adeles of F , by Glr(A) the rank r general linear group over A, and write A := Afin ⊕A∞ and GLr(A) := GLr(A)...

Let F be a number field with discriminant ∆F . Denote its (normalized) absolute values by SF , and write SF = Sfin · ∪ S∞, where S∞ denotes the collection of all archimedean valuations. For simplicity, we use v (resp. σ) to denote elements in Sfin (resp. S∞). Denote by A = AF the ring of adeles of F , and Glr(A) the rank r general linear group over A, and write A := Afin ⊕A∞ and Glr(A) := Glr(A...

The transport of glutamate receptors from the cell body to synapses is essential during neuronal development and may contribute to the regulation of synaptic strength in the mature nervous system. We previously showed that cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK-5) positively regulates the abundance of GLR-1 glutamate receptors at synapses in the ventral nerve cord (VNC) of Caenorhabditis elegans. Here ...

Ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation has been proposed to play an important role in regulating synaptic transmission. Here we show that LIN-23, the substrate binding subunit of a Skp1/Cullin/F Box (SCF) ubiquitin ligase, regulates the abundance of the glutamate receptor GLR-1 in the ventral nerve cord of C. elegans. Mutants lacking lin-23 had an increased abundance of GLR-1 in the ventral cor...