Background: Up to date, there are handful questionnaires that have been validated in Bahasa Malaysia (BM). This study aimed to translate the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21-item (DASS-21) and measure its psychometric properties. Objectives: To determine the construct validity and acceptability of the DASS, BM. Methods: Two forward and backward translations were done in BM in accordance to g...

BACKGROUND Postnatal depression has received considerable research and clinical attention, however anxiety and stress in the postpartum has been relatively ignored. Along with the widespread use of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), depression has become the marker for postnatal maladjustment. Symptoms of anxiety tend to be subsumed within diagnoses of depression, which can result...

Symptoms of depression and anxiety are widespread, chronic, and recurrent; their recovery is poor. They are associated with decreased work productivity, dissatisfaction in social relations, low quality of life, and high risk of suicide [13]. Negative emotions play a major role in the development and continuation of substance use disorders (SUDs) [4]. Individuals turn to illicit drugs to achieve...