Previous studies suggested that Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation of the p38α MAP kinase (MAPK) is mediated by transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) activation of MAPK kinases, MKK3, MKK4 and MKK6. We used quantitative mass spectrometry to monitor tumour progression locus 2 (TPL-2)-dependent protein phosphorylation following TLR4 stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, comparin...

PURPOSE The corneal wound healing response to an alkali burn results in dysregulated inflammation and opacity. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type1 (TRPV1) ion channel activation by such a stress contributes to this unfavorable outcome. Accordingly, we sought to identify potential drug targets for mitigating this response, in human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC). METHODS SV40-immmort...

Genes involved in regulation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-pathway are suggested to play a role in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present study, genetic polymorphisms of TLR2, TLR4, TLR9 and NF-κB1 genes were investigated to assess their associations with RA susceptibility, progression and response to anti-TNF-α therapy. A group of 110 RA patients and 126 healthy individua...

OBJECTIVE This study was planned to investigate whether expression levels of endometrial NF-κB1 and NFκB p65 changes in women with recurrent implantation failure (RIF). PATIENTS AND METHODS The study group consists of 30 RIF patients having at least three previous failed IVF cycles. The control group comprises of 30 patients having one or no previous failed attempt. Endometrial samples were o...

Abstract Background SMAD1, a central mediator in TGF-β signaling, is involved broad range of biological activities including cell growth, apoptosis, development and immune response, implicated diverse type malignancies. Whether SMAD1 plays an important role multiple myeloma (MM) pathogenesis can serve as therapeutic target are largely unknown. Methods Myeloma lines primary MM samples were used....

The MKK1/2 kinase tumour progression locus 2 (TPL-2) is critical for the production of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in innate immune responses and a potential anti-inflammatory drug target. Several earlier pharmaceutical company screens with the isolated TPL-2 kinase domain have identified small-molecule inhibitors that specifically block TPL-2 signalling in cells, but none of these have...

BACKGROUND Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO4) are key transcription factors involved in the regulation of immune responses and apoptosis. The aim of this study is to test for the association of NF-κB and SUMO gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility and severity of psoriasis among Saudi cases. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This is a case controlled study including 85...

NF-κB pathway is a link between inflammation and cancer and is involved in cellular responses to different stimuli. Gastrointestinal lumen is exposed to many inflammatory agents such as foods, free radicals and bacterial or viral antigens. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible role of NF-κB1in gastric adenocarcinoma. To detect the relative level of NF-κB1transcript, total RN...

Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells 1 (NF-κB1)-related human primary immune deficiencies have initially been characterized as defining a subgroup of common variable immunodeficiencies (CVIDs), representing intrinsic B-cell disorders with antibody deficiency and recurrent infections of various kind. Recent evidence indicates that NF-κB1 haploinsufficiency underlies a v...

OBJECTIVE Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is an important transcription factor in cancer and NF-κB activation has been seen in angiogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Relationships between specific NF-κB gene networks, leukemogenesis, and radiation exposure are still unknown. Our aim was to study the expression levels of the NF-κB1, NF-κB2, and Rel genes in hematological malignancies in...