The twentieth century witnessed the rise of zoo biology. Such a discipline might seem anchored in specific spatial setting (that zoological garden), but if historians want to understand its development they should not limit their view confines grounds. After all, understanding animals and behavior at often involved thinking about them other spaces as well. Notably, “artificial” state captivity ...

Technology development promotes different learning strategies for varying levels of education. This technology provides opportunities more engaging and encourages motivation to understand concepts values. research focuses on the 3D virtual reality (VR), which explains living environment, especially animals, in original habitat context elementary school learning. VR application is called Zoo-VR,...

Toxoplasma gondii infections in zoo animals are of interest because many captive animals die of clinical toxoplasmosis and because of the potential risk of exposure of children and elderly to T. gondii oocysts excreted by cats in the zoos. Seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies in wild zoo felids, highly susceptible zoo species, and feral cats from 8 zoos of the midwestern United States was det...

Diet-related disorders occur frequently in captive browsing ruminants. To assess current feeding practices, diets of 15 captive greater kudus (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) from three zoological collec-tions were compared to that of free-ranging conspecifics and current feeding recommendations. Dry matter intake (DMI) varied considerably in captivity from 49.2 to 75.7 g dry matter kg BM-0.75 d-1. R...

Data from captive animals indicated that browsing (BR) ruminants have larger fecal particles-indicative of lesser chewing efficiency-than grazers (GR). To answer whether this reflects fundamental differences between the animal groups, or different reactions of basically similar organisms to diets fed in captivity, we compared mean fecal particle size (MPS) in a GR and a BR ruminant (aurox Bos p...

The organization of knowledge according to relations between concepts is critically involved in many cognitive processes, including memory and reasoning. However, the role of learning in shaping knowledge organization has received little direct investigation. Therefore, the present study investigated whether informal learning experiences can drive rapid, substantial changes in knowledge organiz...