Recent climatological research predicts a significantly wetter climate in Southern Norway as a result of global warming. Thus, the country has already experienced unusually wet summer seasons in the last three years (2010-2012). The aim of this pilot study was to apply an existing multi-analyte LC-MS/MS method for the semi-quantitative determination of 320 fungal and bacterial metabolites in No...

It has been suggested that dietary estrogens neutralize the effect of synthetic chemicals that mimic the effects of estrogen (i.e., xenoestrogens, environmental estrogens). Genistein, a dietary estrogen, inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells at high doses but additional studies have suggested that at low doses, genistein stimulates proliferation of breast cancer cells. Therefore, if dietar...

The zeta potential measurements of protoplasts obtained from winter wheat cell culture and phospholipid liposomes were performed to determine the electrokinetic charge in a medium containing various phytohormones (kinetin, 2,4-D and zearalenone) in absence and in presence of 2 x 10(-5) MCa2+. Calli were induced from immature inflorescences (inf) and embryos (emb) and cultured to obtain non-embr...

The objectives of this review are to provide 1) information on the FDA Feed Contaminants Program, 2) the legal history of aflatoxins and their current action levels, 3) a report on the levels of aflatoxins, fumonisins, vomitoxin, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone in domestic and import surveillance samples of feed during fiscal years 1989 through 1992, and 4) information on naturally occurring toxi...

The effect of temperatures (15 and 5 degrees C) on adsorption parameters of phytohormones at monolayers prepared from a mixture of phospholipids extracted from non-embryogenic (NE) and embryogenic (E) winter wheat calli initiated from inflorescences (inf) and embryos (emb) was studied. The surface parameter values, i.e. limiting area and collapse pressure, were determined using the Langmuir met...

Between January 2009 and December 2011, a total of 7049 corn, soybean/soybean meal, wheat, dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and finished feed samples were analyzed for the occurrence of aflatoxins (Afla), zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FUM) and ochratoxin A (OTA). Samples were sourced in the Americas, Europe and Asia. Afla, ZEN, DON, FUM and OTA were present re...