In the family Enterobacteriaceae, plasmids have been classified according to 27 incompatibility (Inc) or replicon types that are based on the inability of different plasmids with the same replication mechanism to coexist in the same cell. Certain replicon types such as IncA/C are associated with multidrug resistance (MDR). We developed a microarray that contains 286 unique 70-mer oligonucleotid...

Medicinal plants are increasingly used in aquaculture owing to their beneficial impacts on the health status of farmed fish. The current study was conducted investigate effect nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) extract growth, immunity, antioxidant parameters, and resistance common carp (Cyprinus carpio) against Aeromonas hydrophila. In addition, vitro antibacterial activity skin mucus fish fed evalua...

Immersion-vaccines (bacterins) are routinely used for aquacultured rainbow trout to protect against Yersinia ruckeri (Yr). During immersion vaccination, rainbow trout take up and process the antigens, which induce protection. The zebrafish was used as a model organism to study uptake mechanisms and subsequent antigen transport in fish. A genetically modified Yr was developed to constitutively e...