Homologous recombinational repair (HRR) restores chromatid breaks arising during DNA replication and prevents chromosomal rearrangements that can occur from the misrepair of such breaks. In vertebrates, five Rad51 paralogs are identified that contribute in a nonessential but critical manner to HRR proficiency. We constructed and characterized a knockout of the paralog Rad51D in widely studied C...

Aims: This study examined whether genetic polymorphisms of tobacco and alcohol-related metabolic genes such as GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, CYP1A1, CYP2E1 and DNA repair genes (XRCC1 194Trp, XRCC1 399Gln, and XRCC3 Met) contribute to the risk of developing OSCC. Methods: Patients eligible for inclusion were over 18 years, had pathologically confirmed OSCC and were followed prospectively for at least tw...

To identify Schizosaccharomyces pombe genes involved in recombination repair, we identified seven mutants that were hypersensitive to both methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and gamma-rays and that contained mutations that caused synthetic lethality when combined with a rad2 mutation. One of the mutants was used to clone the corresponding gene from a genomic library by complementation of the MMS-sen...

In vertebrates, XRCC3 is one of the five Rad51 paralogs that plays a central role in homologous recombination (HR), a key pathway for maintaining genomic stability. While investigating the potential role of human XRCC3 (hXRCC3) in the inhibition of DNA replication induced by UVA radiation, we discovered that hXRCC3 cysteine residues are oxidized following photosensitization by UVA. Our in silic...

The Rad51-like proteins, Rad51B, Rad51C, Rad51D, XRCC2, and XRCC3, have been shown to form two distinct complexes and seem to assist Rad51 in the early stages of homologous recombination. Although these proteins share sequence similarity with Rad51, they do not show functional redundancy. Among them, Rad51B is unique in that the gene maps to the human chromosome 14q23-24, the region frequently ...

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a complex polygenic disease. Despite the huge advances in genetic epidemiology, it still remains a challenge to unveil the genetic architecture of hepatocellular carcinoma. We, therefore, decided to meta-analytically assess the association of six non-synonymous coding variants from XRCC1, XRCC3 and XPD genes with hepatocellular carcinoma risk by pooling the results o...

The yeast and human RAD51 genes encode strand-transfer proteins that are thought to be involved in both recombinational repair of DNA damage and meiotic recombination. In yeast, the Rad51 family of related proteins also includes Rad55, Rad57 and Dmc1. In mammalian cells, five genes in this family have been identified (HsRAD51, XRCC2, XRCC3, RAD51B/hREC2 and HsDMC1), and here we report the isola...

Introduction Endometrial cancer is a component of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma, primarily the consequence of mutations in genes involved in mismatch repair (MMR; MSH2, MLH1, PMS1, and PMS2). In addition to the repair of DNA replication errors, MMR genes have been implicated in homologous recombination repair (HRR) in yeast and in mammalian cells (1, 2). The involvement of the MM...

Exposure of cells to DNA-damaging agents results in a rapid increase in the formation of subnuclear complexes containing Rad51. To date, it has not been determined to what extent DNA damage-induced cytoplasmic to nuclear transport of Rad51 may contribute to this process. We have analyzed subcellular fractions of HeLa and HCT116 cells and found a significant increase in nuclear Rad51 levels foll...