Retained bile acids, which are capable of inducing cell death, activate protein kinase Cδ (PKC-δ) in hepatocytes. In nonhepatic cells, both pro- and antiapoptotic effects of PKC-δ are described. The aim of this study was to determine the role of PKC-δ in glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC)-induced apoptosis in rat hepatocytes and human HUH7-Na-taurocholate-cotransporting polypeptide (Ntcp) cells. Apo...

Hydrogen isotope (δ(2)H) analysis is widely used in animal ecology to study continental-scale movement because δ(2)H can trace precipitation and climate. To understand the biochemical underpinnings of how hydrogen is incorporated into biomolecules, we measured the δ(2)H of individual amino acids (AAs) in Escherichia coli cultured in glucose-based or complex tryptone-based media in waters with δ...

This paper concerns construction of additive stretched spanners with few edges for n-vertex graphs having a tree-decomposition into bags of diameter at most δ, i.e., the tree-length δ graphs. For such graphs we construct additive 2δ-spanners with O(δn+n log n) edges, and additive 4δ-spanners with O(δn) edges. This provides new upper bounds for chordal graphs for which δ = 1. We also show a lowe...

Definition 1.1. A database schema is a small category C, and a morphism of schemas from C to C′ is a functor F : C → C′. An object c of C is called a type or a table in C, and an arrow f : c→ c′ is called a column of c valued in c′. A database state on schema C is a functor δ : C → Set. Given an object c ∈ Ob(C), an element x ∈ δ(c) is called a c-representative in δ, or a row of δ(c). We refer ...

To investigate the foraging habitats of delphinids in southeastern Brazil, we analyzed stable carbon (δ(13)C) and nitrogen (δ(15)N) isotopes in muscle samples of the following 10 delphinid species: Sotalia guianensis, Stenella frontalis, Tursiops truncatus, Steno bredanensis, Pseudorca crassidens, Delphinus sp., Lagenodelphis hosei, Stenella attenuata, Stenella longirostris and Grampus griseus....

Grassland degradation due to overgrazing is common in many areas of the world. This study analyzed the potential of the stable carbon isotope (δ(13)C) value as a structural microcosmic index to monitor processes of grassland degradation. The δ(13)C values of plant leaves, roots and soils in non-grazed (NG) and over-grazed (OG) grassland were measured from samples collected from the seven types ...

Galvin showed that for all fixed δ and sufficiently large n, the n-vertex graph with minimum degree δ that admits the most independent sets is the complete bipartite graph Kδ,n−δ. He conjectured that except perhaps for some small values of t, the same graph yields the maximum count of independent sets of size t for each possible t. Evidence for this conjecture was recently provided by Alexander...

Vascular endothelial cells and Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are two important components that constitute the tumor microenvironment. Targeting these cells offers the potential to halt tumor growth. In this study, we report a common mediator in C/EBP-δ that regulates both components and aids in tumor development. C/EBP-δ is elevated in tumor derived MDSCs. Interestingly, ...

In this article a group-theoretical aspect of the method of dimensional reduction is presented. Then, on the base of symmetry analysis of an anisotropic space geometrical description of dimensional reduction of equations for vector massless field is given. Formula for calculating components of the energymomentum tensor from the variables of the field factor-equations is derived. The covariant e...

Let G be a simple balanced bipartite graph on 2n vertices, δ = δ(G)/n, and ρ0 = δ+ √ 2δ−1 2 . If δ ≥ 1/2 then G has a ⌊ρ0n⌋-regular spanning subgraph. The statement is nearly tight.