This paper argues that glossing is an essential stage in the borrowing of writing systems. I use the term “glossing” in a somewhat extended sense to refer to a process where a text in one language is prepared (annotated, marked) to be read in another. I argue that this process of “vernacular reading” – reading a text written in the script, orthography, lexicon and grammar of a more prestigious ...

()ualitativc research is inquiry nimed at describing and clarifying human experience as it appears in people's lives. Researchers ming qualitative methods gather data that serve as evidence for their distilled descriptions. Qualitative data are gathered primarily in the form of spoken or written language rather than in the form of numbers. Possible data sources arc interviews with participants,...

Even today siddha medicines are very useful for people. In India no great medical research is undertaken medicines. Seekan Balku undertook a on the notes written in palm print manuscripts. Natural medicinal products such as turmeric, ginger, pepper used by Tamil people daily basis. All of these anti-inflammatory and so led healthy life. Having all prevents various disease. These medicine. Peopl...

One of the largest and most varied acquisitions ofWestern Manuscripts in 1992 came as a result of the generosity of the British Medical Association, when fourteen miscellaneous volumes and some loose papers were transferred to the Wellcome Institute from the BMA Library in Tavistock House.' Many of these manuscript books contained lecture notes by medical students-taken from John and James Greg...

These notes have the status of "Letters written to myself": I wrote them down because, without doing so, I found myself repeating the same arguments over and over again. When reading what I had written, I was not always too satisfied. For one thing, I felt that they suffered from a marked verbosity. Yet I do not try to condense them (now), firstly because that would introduce another delay and ...

BACKGROUND Quality in nursing documentation facilitates continuity of care and patient safety. Lack of communication between healthcare providers is associated with errors and adverse events. Shortcomings are identified in nursing documentation in several clinical specialties, but very little is known about the quality of how nurses document in the field of psychiatry. Therefore, the aim of thi...

Abstract Aim Surgical patients require closure of wounds with skin clips or sutures. Removal at an appropriate time can prevent complications, namely infection. Our goal is to ensure clear documentation type and plan for removal. The Royal College Surgeons states that “details technique” “detailed post-operative care instructions” are required. Method Retrospective data collections were underta...

These are notes for the course CS-172 I first taught in the Fall 1986 at UC Berkeley and subsequently at Boston University. The goal was to introduce the undergraduates to basic concepts of Theory of Computation and to provoke their interest in further study. Model-dependent effects were systematically ignored. Concrete computational problems were considered only as illustrations of general pri...

Most of Mathematics 281 deals with some fundamental ideas about and properties of the real numbers and continuous functions. These ideas and properties include sequences and series (which are studied in some first-year calculus), the least upper bound property, elementary topology of R and R d , convergence and uniform convergence of series of functions, and term-by-term differentiation and int...