studies in cognitive linguistics have highlighted the importance of metaphors for language teaching. metaphoric competence, as an important aspect of intelligence, can contribute to the learning of languages. most textbooks in esl/efl avoid the issue of figurative language and concentrate only on the denotative aspects of language. this article reports a study conducted at the islamic azad univ...

This research addressed a gap in scrutinizing the language problems of English as second (ESL) transfer students (TSs) with regard to aspects “transfer deficit” and capital”, instead simply labelling use deficit”. One hundred twenty-four TSs participated this qualitative study. From content analysis, three main categories were identified: (a) competence capital; (b) deficit; (c) transition from...

PURPOSE To characterize, according to the school grade and the type of school (private or public), the performance on orthographic and narrative text production in the writing of Elementary School students with good academic performance, and to investigate the relationships between these variables. METHODS Participants were 160 children with ages between 8 and 12 years, enrolled in 4th to 7th...

To respond to widespread disparities in access to oral health care, the Institute of Medicine, the Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA), and the U.S. surgeon general have stressed that prospective dentists should become culturally competent, socially responsible practitioners. The aim of this study was to examine linguistic differences in dental students' reflective writing assignments bef...

not take the place of a standardized logistic regression coefficient for valuating the strength of the influences of the independent variables on the dependent variable, relative to one another.” The strength of each independent variable cannot be judged based on the magnitude of the OR, so that a larger OR for one independent variable might not have a stronger association than a smaller OR for...

Few medical journals specifically instruct authors to use the active voice and avoid the passive voice, but advice to that effect is common in the large number of stylebooks and blogs aimed at medical and scientific writers. Such advice typically revolves around arguments that the passive voice is less clear, less direct, and less concise than the active voice, that it conceals the identity of ...

Since the 70s, foreign language departments have seen communicative competence as the desired outcome of the language learning process and have used communicative teaching approaches––mainly Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)––to achieve that goal. The increasing demands that learners face due to the spread of globalization have called into question the appropriateness of those goals and met...