The infrastructure of a Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) has no routers for routing and all nodes must share the same routing protocol to assist each other while transmitting messages. Almost all common routing protocols at present consider performance as first priority and have little defense capability against the malicious nodes. Many researchers have proposed protocols of higher safety to defen...

In wireless sensor network have safe routing protocol, such as the security-aware ad hoc routing protocol (SAR), can be used to defend next to black hole and wormhole attacks. The security-aware ad hoc routing protocol is base on on-demand protocol, such as AODV. In SAR, a safety metric is additional into the way request packet, and a dissimilar route detection process is used. Intermediate nod...