This paper presents the results of a series of hollow cylinder tests carried out to investigate the role of drainage conditions on the response of railway track foundation materials during cyclic loading. Three sand–clay mixes were tested. It was found that, below a certain cyclic shear stress threshold, and depending on the drainage conditions, changes in principal stress direction should not ...

BACKGROUND Approximately 30% of the U.S. population reports recurrent short sleep; however, perceived sleep need varies widely among individuals. Some "habitual short sleepers" routinely sleep 4-6 hr/night without self-reported adverse consequences. Identifying neural mechanisms underlying individual differences in perceived sleep-related dysfunction has important implications for understanding...

A disentanglement puzzle consists of mechanically interlinked pieces, and the puzzle is solved by disentangling one piece from another set of pieces. A string puzzle is a type of disentanglement puzzle, which consists of strings entangled with one or more wooden pieces. In this paper, we consider the generalized string puzzle problem whose input is the layout of strings and a wooden board with ...

Abstract—The structural system of wooden house by two-by-four method is widely adopted in any countries, and a various type of vibration control system for building structures has been developed on country with frequent earthquake. In this study, a vibration control device called “Scaling Frame” (SF) is suggested, and which is applied to wooden two-by-four method structures. This paper performs...

The application of triangulation laser displacement sensors to the continuous in-situ monitoring of the response of wooden cultural objects to variations in temperature and relative humidity in their environment is reported. The sensors are robust, fast, and precise, provide non-contact measurements, and are capable of operating in the field. They have been applied to monitor the response of th...

The purpose of the following paper is to present author’s experimental field investigations a jointless railway track subjected generated imperfection and analysis response applied static loads. An optical measurement system, Pontos, was used for dynamic track’s deflections in 3D. allow us recommend direct application this system non-contact measurement, visualization simulated defects track, a...

Elastic elements such as rail pads, under sleeper pads and under ballast mats are railway components that allow for a reduction in track deterioration and vibrations. And they are furthermore commonly used to obtain an optimal vertical stiffness of the infrastructure. However, the use of elastomeric materials can increase construction costs and the consumption of raw materials. Thus, the utiliz...

Mandelic acid can serve as sole source of carbon and energy for the growth of certain strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Analysis of the enzymatic patterns of cells grown on various substrates (Stanier, 1947, 1948; Sleeper and Stanier, 1950) has led to formulation of the following sequence for the initial steps in its diimilation: Mandelic acid -b benzoylformic acid -. benzaldehyde -* benzoic ...

Study Objectives: Cortical hyperarousal, observed in insomnia individuals, could be influenced by sleep quality and objective sleep misperception. Usually, to be considered as a first night effect, a decrease in the quality of sleep during the first recording night in the laboratory is observed. The objectives of this study are to examine cortical arousal differences according to sleeper types ...