Beside language, space is to date the most widely recognized lateralized systems. For example, it has been shown that even mental representations of space and the spatial representation of abstract concepts display lateralized characteristics. For the most part, this body of literature describes space as distal or something outside of the observer or actor. What has been strangely absent in the...

Liquefaction of spent creosote-treated wood was studied to determine the technological practicability of its application in converting treated wood waste into resin adhesives. A total of 144 plywood panels were fabricated with experimental variables included 2 phenol to wood (P/W) ratios in liquefaction, 6 resin formulations (3 formaldehyde/liquefied wood (F/LW) ratios × 2 replications), 6 glue...

Rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis) was esterfied with phenylisothiocyanate, and dimensional stability, decay resistance, and photo stability of the modified wood was assessed. The chemically modified wood was characterized by FTIR and CP/MAS C NMR spectroscopy. Unmodified and modified samples were exposed to a brown rot (Polyporus meliae) and a white rot (Coriolus versicolor) fungus for 12 weeks....

In this study, carbon was made from walnut wood as a low-cost and non-toxicnatural adsorbent.Walnut wood(WC), were successfully synthesized by an in chemical vapor deposition methodthen characterized using FT-IR techniques and used for the removal of trihalomethanes(THMs) from aqueous solution. The trihalomethanes(THMs) removal by the developed adsorbent was investigated using batch adsorption ...

Wood is not under all circumstances an appropriate building material. Beside others, structural properties and biological durability determine the limits for the use of wood. Until recently, the only industrial applied method to improve the durability of wood was impregnating with toxic wood preservatives. Although much progress has been made in improving the fixation of preservatives (i.e. emi...

Recirculation of wood ash from energy production to forest soil improves the sustainability of this energy production form as recycled wood ash contains nutrients that otherwise would be lost at harvest. In addition, wood-ash is beneficial to many soils due to its inherent acid-neutralizing capabilities. However, wood ash has several ecosystem-perturbing effects like increased soil pH and pore ...

The aim of this study was to verify the viability of lignocellulosic substrates to obtain renewable energy source, through characterization of the cellulolytic complex, which was obtained by solid state fermentation using Trichoderma viride. Enzymatic activity of the cellulosic complex was measured during saccharification of substrates filter paper, eucalyptus sawdust, and corncob, and compared...

Biomass gasifiers convert the solid biomass to Producer gas that can be used for thermal, mechanical and electricity production. This paper deals with proximate and ultimate analysis of a number of biomass feed stocks like sawdust, pine wood, sal wood, eucalyptus and popular wood. These fuels have been used for the operation of 5 kW biomass gasifier installed at AHEC for electricity production ...

The hypothesis that the optimal search strategy is a Lévy walk (LW) or Lévy flight, originally suggested in 1995, has generated an explosion of interest and controversy. Long-standing empirical evidence supporting the LW hypothesis has been overturned, while new models and data are constantly being published. Statistical methods have been criticized and new methods put forward. In parallel with...